Russo Jaymi N, Griese Emily R, Bares Valerie J
Sanford Research, Center for Health Outcomes and Population Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
S D Med. 2018 Oct;71(10):448-451.
Peer victimization is a common experience in early adolescence often associated with psychosocial issues, following some youth into adulthood. Preliminary findings from a longitudinal study on peer victimization and protective factors were measured in rural elementary youth. Bullying is often seen as a schoolonly issue but research findings suggest the importance of systems outside the school setting as important protective factors for intervention.
Preliminary data were collected through online questionnaires focused on direct, relational, and electronic victimization. Protective factors, including parent and community support, were also measured. Participants include 307 children (52.8 percent female; 80.4 percent White; mean age = 10) attending the fourth and fifth grade at four rural, South Dakota public school districts.
Overall, 91.2 percent of the sample reported at least one peer victimization experience during the first wave of data collection. Traditional victimization results include 57.7 percent citing direct and 89.5 percent relational. Electronic victimization was 25.3 percent. Participants reported high levels of community (94.8 percent) and parent (68.3 percent) support. Community support was significantly, negatively correlated with all types of victimization but parent support was only significant in relation to direct victimization.
Findings provide an important baseline of the prevalence of direct, relational, and electronic victimization among rural young adolescents and the importance of community and parent support. Results demonstrate the need for a community wide approach including, health care providers, to take an active role to prevent and assist affected youth.
同伴侵害是青春期早期常见的经历，常与心理社会问题相关，并会影响一些青少年直至成年。一项关于同伴侵害及保护因素的纵向研究对农村小学青少年进行了初步调查。欺凌行为通常被视为仅存在于学校的问题，但研究结果表明，学校环境之外的系统作为重要的保护因素对干预措施具有重要意义。
通过在线问卷收集初步数据，问卷聚焦于直接侵害、关系侵害和电子侵害。同时也对包括家长和社区支持在内的保护因素进行了测量。参与者包括南达科他州四个农村公立学区四、五年级的307名儿童（52.8%为女性；80.4%为白人；平均年龄 = 10岁）。
总体而言，91.2%的样本在第一轮数据收集期间报告至少有一次同伴侵害经历。传统侵害结果显示，57.7%的人遭受直接侵害，89.5%的人遭受关系侵害。电子侵害占25.3%。参与者报告称社区支持（94.8%）和家长支持（68.3%）水平较高。社区支持与所有类型的侵害均呈显著负相关，但家长支持仅与直接侵害显著相关。
研究结果为农村青少年中直接侵害、关系侵害和电子侵害的发生率以及社区和家长支持的重要性提供了重要基线。结果表明需要采取一种全社区范围的方法，包括医疗保健提供者，积极发挥作用来预防和帮助受影响的青少年。
