中国实施全国血吸虫病防治规划中的蜗牛控制措施的 SWOT 分析。
SWOT analysis on snail control measures applied in the national schistosomiasis control programme in the People's Republic of China.
机构信息
School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
出版信息
Infect Dis Poverty. 2019 Feb 6;8(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40249-019-0521-0.
BACKGROUND
Snail control is an important component in the national schistosomiasis control programme in China, by application of chemical molluscicides, forestry projects, agriculture projects and water conservancy projects in recent decades. However, there are still wide areas of snail inhabited in China which remains a great challenge to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination by 2025. Therefore, a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis on snail control measures is required for precision schistosomiasis control.
METHODS
The SWOT approach, which is a well-known structured analysis tool, was used to identify and evaluate the specific characteristics of four types of snail control measures in China, including chemical mollusciciding, forestry, agriculture, and water conservancy projects. The analysis were carried out based on the information collection from literature review, of research papers, books, annual report database of national schistosomiasis control programme in China, reports from the academic forums, and so on.
RESULTS
For chemical mollusciciding, application strategy needs to focus on specific local settings, such as stage of schistosomiasis control, environmental factors, and limitations from external policies and internal deficiencies. Regarding forestry projects, the optimal strategies are to cooperate with other national forestry programmes to share the investment costs and pay attention on wetland protection. In agriculture projects, it is necessary to develop related cash crop industries and combine with national farmland consolidation projects simultaneously to increase the total economic benefits. Concerning water conservancy projects, the main purpose is to control snail migration from snail area to snail-free areas nationwide.
CONCLUSIONS
Integrated strategies for various measures application and a top-level designed cooperation mechanism will be the necessary to eliminate snail and schistosomiasis in China.
背景
在中国，近几十年来，通过应用化学杀螺剂、林业项目、农业项目和水利项目，钉螺控制是国家血吸虫病控制规划的重要组成部分。然而，中国仍有广泛的钉螺栖息地，这对实现 2025 年消除血吸虫病的目标构成了巨大挑战。因此，需要对钉螺控制措施进行 SWOT（优势、劣势、机会和威胁）分析，以实现精准血吸虫病控制。
方法
SWOT 方法是一种众所周知的结构化分析工具，用于识别和评估中国四种类型的钉螺控制措施的具体特征，包括化学杀螺剂、林业、农业和水利项目。分析基于从文献综述、研究论文、书籍、中国国家血吸虫病控制规划年度报告数据库、学术论坛报告等收集的信息进行。
结果
对于化学杀螺剂，应用策略需要侧重于特定的局部环境，如血吸虫病控制阶段、环境因素以及外部政策和内部缺陷的限制。对于林业项目，最佳策略是与其他国家林业计划合作，共同承担投资成本，并关注湿地保护。在农业项目中，有必要开发相关的经济作物产业，并结合国家农田整治项目，以提高总体经济效益。至于水利项目，主要目的是控制钉螺从有螺区向无螺区的迁移。
结论
综合应用各种措施的策略和顶层设计的合作机制将是中国消除钉螺和血吸虫病的必要条件。
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