Bachyrycz Amy, Takeda Mikiko Y, Wittstrom Kristina, Bleske Barry
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, 2502 Marble Ave. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2019 Feb;11(2):166-171. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.11.007. Epub 2018 Nov 22.
Pharmacists in New Mexico have prescriptive authority to prescribe naloxone. However, no formal naloxone training has been provided for students at the University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy.
Training was incorporated into a pharmaceutical care laboratory course. First-year (P1) (n = 63) and third-year (P3) (n = 78) pharmacy students were asked to answer a pre- and post-training survey. The survey was designed to assess students' self-rated knowledge, clinical-type skills related to naloxone and opioids, and attitude toward prescribing naloxone. In class students reviewed the epidemiology of opioid overdose and risk assessment methods for patients, and the students practiced using an intranasal spray and an auto injector.
The pre-survey showed that P3 students had higher confidence levels in regards to naloxone therapy compared with P1 students. However, educational materials significantly increased confidence levels in drug knowledge, clinical-type skills, and patient counseling in both cohorts. The P3 cohort tended to be more likely to disagree with advertisements about the availability of naloxone therapy by pharmacists as compared to the P1 cohort.
P1 and P3 students demonstrated improved knowledge, skills, and attitudes in regards to naloxone therapy and dispensing. Naloxone training is essential to increase pharmacy students' knowledge about opioid overdose and naloxone benefits. Although the training helped increase students' confidence level, additional practical training and longitudinal instruction in a pharmacy curriculum would be valuable so that students could transfer the knowledge into practice as a pharmacist.
新墨西哥州的药剂师拥有开具纳洛酮的处方权。然而，新墨西哥大学药学院尚未为学生提供正式的纳洛酮培训。
培训被纳入一门药学服务实验室课程。一年级（P1）（n = 63）和三年级（P3）（n = 78）药学专业学生被要求在培训前后各回答一份调查问卷。该问卷旨在评估学生的自我评定知识、与纳洛酮和阿片类药物相关的临床技能，以及对开具纳洛酮处方的态度。在课堂上，学生们复习了阿片类药物过量的流行病学以及患者风险评估方法，并练习使用鼻内喷雾剂和自动注射器。
预调查显示，与P1学生相比，P3学生对纳洛酮治疗的信心水平更高。然而，教育材料显著提高了两个队列在药物知识、临床技能和患者咨询方面的信心水平。与P1队列相比，P3队列往往更不同意有关药剂师可提供纳洛酮治疗的广告。
P1和P3学生在纳洛酮治疗和配药方面的知识、技能和态度都有所改善。纳洛酮培训对于增加药学专业学生对阿片类药物过量和纳洛酮益处的了解至关重要。尽管培训有助于提高学生的信心水平，但在药学课程中增加实践培训和纵向指导将很有价值，以便学生能够将知识转化为药剂师的实际操作。
