Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, 1001 Texas Clipper Road, Galveston, Texas, 77554, USA.
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA.
Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 7;9(1):1663. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38144-8.
The timing and extent of international crossings by billfishes, tunas, and sharks in the Cuba-Mexico-United States (U.S.) triangle was investigated using electronic tagging data from eight species that resulted in >22,000 tracking days. Transnational movements of these highly mobile marine predators were pronounced with varying levels of bi- or tri-national population connectivity displayed by each species. Billfishes and tunas moved throughout the Gulf of Mexico and all species investigated (blue marlin, white marlin, Atlantic bluefin tuna, yellowfin tuna) frequently crossed international boundaries and entered the territorial waters of Cuba and/or Mexico. Certain sharks (tiger shark, scalloped hammerhead) displayed prolonged periods of residency in U.S. waters with more limited displacements, while whale sharks and to a lesser degree shortfin mako moved through multiple jurisdictions. The spatial extent of associated movements was generally associated with their differential use of coastal and open ocean pelagic ecosystems. Species with the majority of daily positions in oceanic waters off the continental shelf showed the greatest tendency for transnational movements and typically traveled farther from initial tagging locations. Several species converged on a common seasonal movement pattern between territorial waters of the U.S. (summer) and Mexico (winter).
使用来自 8 个物种的电子标记数据，对古巴-墨西哥-美国（美国）三角区旗鱼、金枪鱼和鲨鱼的国际穿越时间和范围进行了调查，这些数据产生了超过 22000 天的跟踪记录。这些高度流动的海洋捕食者的跨国移动非常明显，每个物种都表现出不同程度的双或三国人口连通性。旗鱼和金枪鱼在整个墨西哥湾移动，所有被调查的物种（蓝枪鱼、白枪鱼、大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼）经常跨越国际边界，进入古巴和/或墨西哥的领海。某些鲨鱼（虎鲨、双髻鲨）在美国水域停留时间较长，活动范围有限，而鲸鲨和短鳍灰鲭鲨的活动范围则更广泛，穿越多个管辖区。相关运动的空间范围通常与其对沿海和公海浮游生态系统的不同利用有关。在大陆架以外的公海水域中，大多数日常位置的物种表现出跨国移动的最大趋势，通常从最初的标记位置移动得更远。有几个物种在美国（夏季）和墨西哥（冬季）领海之间呈现出共同的季节性移动模式。
