Water Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Feb 8;191(3):142. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7219-4.
The sea water serves as a source for desalination and shelter for dependent biota. To understand the sources of metal in Kuwait Bay and the open sea, samples were collected and analyzed for metals like B, Li, Sr, Hg, Pb, Ba, Fe, Zn, Mn, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Se, V, Al, Mo, and As. The comparison of Bay and Seawater shows that most of the metals were higher in sea water. Samples were collected in two different transects in the territorial sea water (TSW), the northern, and the southern transects. The heavy metal evaluation index and degree of contamination calculated for Bay and TSW show that they are contaminated, and the degree was higher in TSW. The variation of metal concentration along the transects in TSW reflects three different behaviors; (1) few metals decrease from the shore, (2) few increases from the shore, and (3) others show no significant trend. The statistical analysis of the data shows a representation of five factors for bay water and six for TSW indicating the complexity in sources of metal in TSW. The analysis infers the metal contamination due to petroleum products, and oxidation-reduction cycles are predominant in TSW. But, tidal influence along with dustfall plays a key role in the metal contamination of bay waters. Apart from these, desalination rejects and domestic sewage effluents are common sources contributing metals to both the environment. It is also observed that the suspended sediments play a significant role in the leaching, adsorption, and distribution of metals. The extraneous process has a predominant control over the distribution of the metals in TSW than the Bay.
海水既是海水淡化的来源，也是依赖生物的栖息地。为了了解科威特湾和公海的金属来源，采集了样本并分析了硼、锂、锶、汞、铅、钡、铁、锌、锰、铍、镉、钴、铬、镍、硒、钒、铝、钼和砷等金属。湾水和海水样本的比较表明，大多数金属在海水中的含量更高。在领海（TSW）的北部和南部两个不同横断面上采集了样本。湾水和 TSW 的重金属评价指数和污染程度表明它们受到了污染，且 TSW 的污染程度更高。TSW 中金属浓度沿横断面的变化反映了三种不同的行为：（1）少数金属从岸边减少，（2）少数金属从岸边增加，（3）其他金属没有明显的趋势。数据的统计分析表明，湾水有五个因素代表，而 TSW 有六个因素代表，这表明 TSW 中金属来源的复杂性。分析推断金属污染是由于石油产品，以及氧化还原循环在 TSW 中占主导地位。但是，潮汐影响以及扬尘对湾水的金属污染起着关键作用。除此之外，海水淡化厂的废水和生活污水也是向环境中输送金属的常见来源。还观察到悬浮沉积物在金属的浸出、吸附和分布中起着重要作用。在 TSW 中，外部过程对金属分布的控制作用明显大于湾水。
