KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433PE, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands.
KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433PE, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019 May;222(4):635-644. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.01.004. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
This study quantified antibiotic and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) concentrations in hospital and communal wastewaters as well as the influents and effluents of the receiving urban wastewater treatment plants (UWWTP) in two Dutch cities. In only one city, hospital wastewater was treated on-site using advanced technologies, including membrane bioreactor treatment (MBR), ozonation, granulated activated carbon (GAC) and UV-treatment. On-site hospital wastewater (HWW) treatment reduced gene presence of hospital-related antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic concentrations in the receiving urban wastewater treatment plant. These findings support the need for on-site treatment of high-risk point sources of antibiotic resistance genes. 13 antibiotic resistance genes, Integrase Class 1 and 16S rRNA concentrations were quantified using multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays and the presence and/or concentration of 711 antibiotics were analyzed. Hospital wastewater contained approximately 25% more antibiotics and gene concentrations between 0.4 log to 1.8-fold higher than communal wastewater (CWW). bla and vanA could be identified as hospital-related genes and were reduced to under the limit of detection (LOD) during on-site treatment. Advanced on-site treatment removed between 0.5 and 3.6-fold more genes than conventional biological urban wastewater treatment (activated sludge). Advanced on-site treatment was able to eliminate 12 out of 19 detected antibiotics, while urban waste water treatment eliminated up to 1 (out of 21 detected). Different advanced treatment technologies were able to target different pollutants to varying extents, making sequential alignment more effective. MBR treatment was most efficient in antibiotic resistance gene reduction and ozonation in antibiotic reduction. bla could only be detected in the influent of the urban wastewater treatment plant receiving untreated hospital wastewater. Similarly, vanA was only consistently detected in this treatment plant. These results indicate a positive effect of on-site treatment of hospital wastewater on the communal sewage system.
本研究定量测定了荷兰两个城市的医院和社区废水中的抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）浓度，以及接收城市污水处理厂（UWWTP）的进水和出水。仅在一个城市，医院废水采用膜生物反应器处理（MBR）、臭氧氧化、颗粒活性炭（GAC）和 UV 处理等先进技术进行现场处理。现场处理的医院废水（HWW）减少了接收城市污水处理厂中与医院相关的抗生素抗性基因和抗生素的存在。这些发现支持对高风险抗生素抗性基因点源进行现场处理的必要性。使用多重定量实时 PCR（qPCR）检测方法定量检测了 13 种抗生素抗性基因、整合酶 1 类和 16S rRNA 浓度，并分析了 711 种抗生素的存在和/或浓度。医院废水的抗生素浓度和基因浓度比社区废水（CWW）分别高 25%和 0.4 至 1.8 倍。bla 和 vanA 可被识别为与医院相关的基因，并在现场处理过程中减少到检测限（LOD）以下。与传统的城市污水处理（活性污泥）相比，先进的现场处理可去除 0.5 至 3.6 倍的基因。先进的现场处理能够消除 19 种检测到的抗生素中的 12 种，而城市污水处理厂可消除最多 1 种（21 种检测到的抗生素中的 1 种）。不同的先进处理技术能够在不同程度上靶向不同的污染物，使顺序排列更有效。MBR 处理在抗生素抗性基因减少方面最有效，臭氧氧化在抗生素减少方面最有效。bla 只能在接收未经处理的医院废水的城市污水处理厂的进水口检测到。同样，vanA 也仅在该处理厂中持续检测到。这些结果表明，医院废水的现场处理对公共污水系统具有积极影响。
