Olczyk Piotr, Małyszczak Artur, Kusztal Mariusz
Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Polim Med. 2018 Jan-Jun;48(1):57-63. doi: 10.17219/pim/102974.
Dialysis membranes are the basic element of a hemodialyzer. Synthetic and natural materials characterized by various fiber arrangements are used in their production. The most up-to-date ones are made of synthetic polymers such as polyamide, phosphatidylserine (PS), polyacrylonitrile-based fiber (PAN), polyarylethersulfone, polyethersulfone, or polymethylmethacrylate. Dialysis membranes are characterized by the ability to remove uremic molecules, which can be divided into small water-soluble compounds, protein-bound compounds and larger "middle molecules". Newer membranes such as medium cut off membranes (MCO) allow the removal of a wider spectrum of uremic molecules, which reduces the risk of late complications of dialysis. Dialysis membranes are used in therapy methods such as low flux, high flux or HDx therapy. An important aim in dialysis membrane development is to increase their biocompatibility. Insufficient biocompatibility can result in complement activation or platelet activation, which can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The aim of the study is to discuss the latest reports on dialysis membranes.
透析膜是血液透析器的基本元件。其生产中使用了具有各种纤维排列的合成材料和天然材料。最新的透析膜由合成聚合物制成，如聚酰胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）、聚丙烯腈基纤维（PAN）、聚芳醚砜、聚醚砜或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。透析膜的特点是能够去除尿毒症分子，这些分子可分为小分子水溶性化合物、蛋白结合化合物和较大的“中分子”。较新的膜，如中截留量膜（MCO），能够去除更广泛的尿毒症分子，从而降低透析晚期并发症的风险。透析膜用于低通量、高通量或HDx治疗等治疗方法。透析膜开发的一个重要目标是提高其生物相容性。生物相容性不足会导致补体激活或血小板激活，进而增加心血管并发症的风险。本研究的目的是讨论有关透析膜的最新报告。
