a Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine , AJA University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
b Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.
Int Rev Immunol. 2018;37(6):316-322. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1526932. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
Nanobodies for the first time were identified in the sera of Camelidae. Single-domain antibodies or nanobodies are a class of next-generation antibodies that have specific features: small size (in nanoscale), high penetration in various tissues, high stability in hard situations and ease production process in microbial systems. In fact single-domain antibodies are the smallest fragment of the antibody with binding ability. Unique characteristics and features of nanobodies make them an appropriate candidate for further evaluation as the development of novel antibody-based therapeutics. In this regard single-domain antibodies are in the interest of many researchers as well as biopharmaceutical companies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Nowadays several single domain antibodies have been developed and evaluated in different clinical trials. Because of many advantages of single-domain antibodies over other formats of antibodies, they could be good replacement for other formats of antibodies in near future. Here, we review the biology, engineering platforms and application of nanobodies.
纳米抗体首次在骆驼科动物的血清中被发现。单域抗体或纳米抗体是一类新一代的抗体，具有以下特殊性质：体积小（纳米级）、能在各种组织中穿透、在恶劣环境中稳定、在微生物系统中易于生产。事实上，单域抗体是具有结合能力的抗体的最小片段。纳米抗体的独特特性和特点使其成为进一步评估新型抗体治疗药物的合适候选者。在这方面，单域抗体受到许多研究人员和生物制药公司的关注，可用于诊断和治疗应用。如今，已经开发和评估了几种单域抗体，并在不同的临床试验中进行了评估。由于单域抗体比其他形式的抗体具有许多优势，因此它们可能在不久的将来替代其他形式的抗体。在这里，我们回顾了纳米抗体的生物学、工程平台和应用。
