Garduño-Pineda Laura, Linares-Hernández Ivonne, Solache-Ríos Marcos J, Teutli-Sequeira Alejandra, Martínez-Miranda Verónica
a Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México , Toluca , México.
b Department of Chemistry , Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ) , La Marquesa , Mexico.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2019;54(4):295-305. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1548190. Epub 2019 Feb 10.
The physicochemical treatment (PT) of slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) was investigated. In the first stage, calcium acetate (Ca(Ac)) was synthesized in five different ways: (1) acetic acid (HAc) and chicken eggshell (CaAc1), (2) lime (CaAc2), (3) a 1:1 eggshell and lime mixture (CaAc3), (4) a 1:2 eggshell and lime mixture (CaAc4), and (5) calcium oxide via the calcination of eggshell (CaAc5). The synthesized Ca(Ac) samples were characterized by IR, SEM, XRD, and EDS. Subsequently, the samples were used to precipitate oxyanions and organic matter. The experiments were carried out at pH 4 and 12. For the treatment with CaAc1 at pH 4, an acid (HCl, HSO, or HAc) was also added. The best results for CaAc1 in acid media were attained with HCl, where removal efficiencies of 82.23% total suspended solids, 76% turbidity, 81.43% color, 53.86% Fe, 69.74% Cu, and 14.64% Na were observed. This treatment also removed ∼99% fecal and total coliforms, 26.49% COD, and 78.39% TOC. The experiments were also performed at pH 12 using CaAc1. These afforded removal efficiencies of 92.7% turbidity, 84.7% color, 40.5% phosphates (PO), and 64.7% sulfates (SO). In addition, this method removed metals, 35.37% COD and 99% fecal and total coliforms.
对屠宰场废水（SWW）的物理化学处理（PT）进行了研究。在第一阶段，通过五种不同方法合成了醋酸钙（Ca(Ac)）：（1）醋酸（HAc）与鸡蛋壳（CaAc1）；（2）石灰（CaAc2）；（3）1:1的鸡蛋壳与石灰混合物（CaAc3）；（4）1:2的鸡蛋壳与石灰混合物（CaAc4）；（5）通过蛋壳煅烧得到的氧化钙（CaAc5）。采用红外光谱（IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和能谱仪（EDS）对合成的Ca(Ac)样品进行了表征。随后，将这些样品用于沉淀含氧阴离子和有机物。实验在pH值为4和12的条件下进行。在用CaAc1于pH值为4进行处理时，还添加了一种酸（盐酸、硫酸或醋酸）。在酸性介质中，使用盐酸时CaAc1取得了最佳效果，总悬浮固体去除率达82.23%，浊度去除率达76%，色度去除率达81.43%，铁去除率达53.86%，铜去除率达69.74%，钠去除率达14.64%。该处理还去除了约99%的粪便大肠菌群和总大肠菌群、26.49%的化学需氧量（COD）以及78.39%的总有机碳（TOC）。还用CaAc1在pH值为12的条件下进行了实验。这些实验取得了如下去除效率：浊度92.7%、色度84.7%、磷酸盐（PO）40.5%、硫酸盐（SO）64.7%。此外，该方法去除了金属、35.37%的COD以及99%的粪便大肠菌群和总大肠菌群。
