化疗的面貌变迁
The changing face of chemotherapy.
作者信息
Brumfitt W, Hamilton-Miller J M
机构信息
Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Hampstead, London, UK.
出版信息
Postgrad Med J. 1988 Jul;64(753):552-8. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.64.753.552.
The historical development of antibiotics has been summarized. Three distinct phases are discernible. The first (from historical times to about 1900) involved mostly folk remedies. The second (1900-c. 1940) was ushered in by Paul Ehrlich's development of the concept of 'selective toxicity' and saw the establishment of arsenicals and sulphonamides. The third, lasting to the present day, started with the exploitation of the pioneering studies of Fleming, Dubos and Waksman on antibiotic production by soil fungi. This latest phase has continued with the improvement of natural products by the skills of the medicinal chemist. The properties and evolution of three major groups of antibiotics, penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides are fully described. Finally, pathways of possible future evolution of antibiotics are outlined.
抗生素的历史发展已被总结。可识别出三个不同阶段。第一阶段（从历史时期到约1900年）主要涉及民间疗法。第二阶段（1900年至约1940年）由保罗·埃尔利希提出“选择性毒性”概念而开启，见证了砷剂和磺胺类药物的建立。第三阶段一直持续到现在，始于对弗莱明、杜博斯和瓦克斯曼关于土壤真菌产生抗生素的开创性研究的利用。这一最新阶段随着药物化学家的技术对天然产物的改进而持续。文中充分描述了三大类抗生素——青霉素、头孢菌素和氨基糖苷类抗生素的特性及演变。最后，概述了抗生素未来可能的演变途径。
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