Genetic diversity of primate erythroparvovirus 1 between 2009 and 2016: First report from Turkey.

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is one of the major viral pathogens that infect only human beings. This study's aim is to determine which genotypes of the B19V are present in Turkey and to perform a phylogenetic analysis. Twelve B19V positive serum specimens already diagnosed by real-time PCR amplifying a partial region of the NS gene were included in this study. The serological markers and viral loads of the patients were determined. The positivity of the specimens was confirmed using semi-nested PCR. To determine the genotype of the B19V, PCR-positive amplicons were sequenced directly and compared to GenBank-referenced strain sequences. The phylogeny of the 12 sequenced strains was constructed with the maximum likelihood method. Two different genotypes of B19V were identified in our study. Genotype 2 of B19V was not detected. All of the B19V genotype 1 sequences were clustered in the common genotype 1a cluster (10/12, 83.3%). The average quantification of the B19V strains was determined to be 2.1 × 10 IU/ml. The nucleotide identities between our strains and those isolated in other countries were 85.8%-99.5%. Compared to the Turkish strains identified in our study, at the nucleotide level, the closest strains based on genotypes 3b and 1a were the Germany and Netherlands isolates respectively. This study was the first to provide the genotypic variation of B19V circulated in Turkey. We determined two distinct subtypes of B19V, including subtype 3b and 1a. While the genotype 1 is common all over the world, genotype 3 has begun to spread outside of Africa.