Gremillion S K, Culbreath A K, Gorbet D W, Mullinix B G, Pittman R N, Stevenson K L, Todd J W, Escobar R E, Condori M M
Department of Biology, Armstrong Atlantic State University, Savannah, GA 31419.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton 31793.
Plant Dis. 2011 Mar;95(3):263-268. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-06-10-0454.
Field experiments were conducted in 2002 to 2006 to characterize yield potential and disease resistance in the Bolivian landrace peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. Bayo Grande, and breeding lines developed from crosses of Bayo Grande and U.S. cv. Florida MDR-98. Diseases of interest included early leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercosporidium personatum. Bayo Grande, MDR-98, and three breeding lines, along with U.S. cvs. C-99R and Georgia Green, were included in split-plot field experiments in six locations across the United States and Bolivia. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two tebuconazole applications and a nontreated control. Genotypes were the subplot treatments. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for percent defoliation due to leaf spot was lower for Bayo Grande and all breeding lines than for Georgia Green at all U.S. locations across years. AUDPC for disease incidence from one U.S. location indicated similar results. Severity of leaf spot epidemics and relative effects of the genotypes were less consistent in the Bolivian experiments. In Bolivia, there were no indications of greater levels of disease resistance in any of the breeding lines than in Bayo Grande. In the United States, yields of Bayo Grande and the breeding lines were greater than those of the other genotypes in 1 of 2 years. In Bolivia, low disease intensity resulted in the highest yields in Georgia Green, while high disease intensity resulted in comparable yields among the breeding lines, MDR-98, and C-99R. Leaf spot suppression by tebuconazole was greater in Bolivia than in the United States. This result indicates a possible higher level of fungicide resistance in the U.S. population of leaf spot pathogens. Overall, data from this study suggest that Bayo Grande and the breeding lines may be desirable germplasm for U.S. and Bolivian breeding programs or production.
2002年至2006年开展了田间试验，以鉴定玻利维亚地方品种花生（落花生）“Bayo Grande”以及由“Bayo Grande”与美国品种“Florida MDR - 98”杂交育成的品系的产量潜力和抗病性。所关注的病害包括由真菌花生尾孢菌引起的早叶斑病和由真菌花生小球腔菌引起的晚叶斑病。“Bayo Grande”、“MDR - 98”和三个育成品系，以及美国品种“C - 99R”和“Georgia Green”，被纳入在美国和玻利维亚六个地点进行的裂区田间试验。全区处理包括两次戊唑醇施药和一个不施药对照。基因型为副区处理。多年来，在美国所有地点，“Bayo Grande”和所有育成品系因叶斑病导致的落叶率的病害进展曲线下面积（AUDPC）均低于“Georgia Green”。来自美国一个地点的病害发病率的AUDPC表明了类似结果。在玻利维亚的试验中，叶斑病流行的严重程度和基因型的相对效应不太一致。在玻利维亚，没有迹象表明任何一个育成品系的抗病水平高于“Bayo Grande”。在美国，“Bayo Grande”和育成品系的产量在两年中的一年高于其他基因型。在玻利维亚，低病害强度使“Georgia Green”产量最高，而高病害强度导致育成品系、“MDR - 98”和“C - 99R ”的产量相当。戊唑醇对叶斑病的抑制在玻利维亚比在美国更强。这一结果表明美国叶斑病病原菌群体中可能存在更高水平的抗药性。总体而言，本研究数据表明，“Bayo Grande”和育成品系可能是美国和玻利维亚育种计划或生产中理想的种质资源。
