[中国流行性乙型脑炎防控的进展与挑战]

[The progress and challenge of Japanese encephalitis control and prevention in China].

作者信息

Wang H Y

机构信息

Department of Viral Encephalitis, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.

出版信息

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2019 Feb 6;53(2):133-135. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.02.002.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.02.002

PMID:30744284

Abstract

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the important viral encephalitis in China. In the 1940s, JE was confirmed to be epidemic in China. In 1971, the annual incidence rate was 20.92/100 000. Since 2008, JE vaccine was included in the national Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI). In 2013, the incidence of Japanese encephalitis decreased to 0.16/100 000. JE virus is divided into five genotypes, and genotype 1, 3 and 5 JE virus was isolated in China. Genotype 1 JE virus was the mainly genotype currently circulated in China. In recent years, the characteristics of the population of JE have been changed to adult, especially in the northern provinces of China. JE prevention and control faces new challenges.

摘要

日本脑炎（乙脑）是中国重要的病毒性脑炎。20世纪40年代，乙脑在中国被确认为流行性疾病。1971年，年发病率为20.92/10万。自2008年起，乙脑疫苗被纳入国家扩大免疫规划（EPI）。2013年，日本脑炎发病率降至0.16/10万。乙脑病毒分为五个基因型，在中国分离出了基因型1、3和5的乙脑病毒。基因型1乙脑病毒是目前在中国流行的主要基因型。近年来，乙脑的人群特征已转变为以成年人为主，尤其是在中国北方省份。乙脑防控面临新挑战。