5-HT serotonin receptor in the gastrointestinal tract: the link between immune system and enteric nervous system in the digestive form of Chagas disease.

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and remains one of the most neglected diseases in Latin America. One of its clinical forms is Chagas megacolon. Despite being known for more than half a century, detailed causes are still obscure. Recent evidence indicates a close relationship between the immune system and the enteric nervous system in the etiology of chagasic megacolon pathology. It is believed that low expression of the 5-HT serotonin receptor on lymphocytes could be linked to megacolon development. To test this hypothesis, this work investigated the distribution of CD4, CD8, and CD20 lymphocytes and their 5-HT receptor expression. The results demonstrated that Chagas patients without megacolon present a higher expression of the 5-HT receptor in all analyzed lymphocytes compared with Chagas patients with megacolon. These data suggest that the high expression of this receptor may lead to immunomodulation and prevent the development of Chagas megacolon.