Complications associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunts in dogs and cats with idiopathic hydrocephalus: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND

Several case series and case reports have been published about idiopathic hydrocephalus treatment in dogs and cats using ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS).

OBJECTIVES

To determine the risk and type of complications in dogs and cats after VPS placement.

ANIMALS

Sixteen papers were included. Sixty dogs and 13 cats with idiopathic hydrocephalus treated by VPS placement were identified.

METHODS

The databases CAB, Scopus, and Medline were used. Idiopathic/congenital hydrocephalus, feline/canine patients, ventriculoperitoneal shunting, complications, and outcomes were inclusion criteria. The focus was on complication type and time frame within which they arose.

RESULTS

Complications in dogs (n = 60) were shunt obstruction (6/60; 10%), pain (4/60; 5.5%), shunt infection (3/60; 4.1%), disconnection (3/60; 4.1%), excessive shunting (2/60; 2.7%), and kinking (1/60; 1.6%). Complications in cats (n = 13) were coiling of the shunt in the SC tissue (2/13; 15.4%); kinking (1/13; 7.7%); and shunt obstruction (1/13; 7.7%). Complications were most likely during the first 6 months after shunt placement.

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE

Ventriculoperitoneal shunting is considered a viable treatment option for patients with hydrocephalus. Potential complications should be discussed with the owner. Early diagnosis of complications is essential.