Richardson Samantha J, Almeida Osborne Fx, Demeneix Barbara A
a Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 5166, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, 7 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
b Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroadaptations Group, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, D80804 Munich, Germany.
Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Mar;2(2):261-276. doi: 10.1586/17446651.2.2.261.
Initial studies on neural stem cell biology were performed mainly with embryonic stem cells, but exciting discoveries and advances in knowledge about tissue-specific stem cells have emerged in the last few years. This review focuses on stem and/or progenitor cells in the brain that drive adult neurogenesis in mammals. Neuronal precursor cells are found in two regions of the adult brain: the subventricular zone and the hippocampus. Adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone has implications for behavior and olfactory function and, in the hippocampus, is involved in mood, learning and memory. Several neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease) are increasing in frequency as the population is aging. Understanding the hormonal aspects of how adult neurogenesis is regulated could lead to advances in understanding, managing and eventually, treating neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the influence of hormones on adult neurogenesis. Many hormones that act through nuclear receptors are implicated in regulating neural progenitor cell biology. Given that nuclear receptors are well defined, drugable targets, further research on their mechanisms of action in adult neurogenesis are likely to engender new replacement, repair and therapeutic approaches.
对神经干细胞生物学的初步研究主要是利用胚胎干细胞进行的，但在过去几年里，关于组织特异性干细胞的令人兴奋的发现和知识进展不断涌现。本综述聚焦于驱动哺乳动物成体神经发生的脑内干细胞和/或祖细胞。成体脑内的神经元前体细胞存在于两个区域：脑室下区和海马体。脑室下区的成体神经发生对行为和嗅觉功能有影响，而在海马体中，它与情绪、学习和记忆有关。随着人口老龄化，几种神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿舞蹈症和帕金森病）的发病率正在上升。了解成体神经发生如何受到激素调节的相关方面，可能会在理解、管理并最终治疗神经退行性疾病方面取得进展。在本综述中，我们总结了目前已知的激素对成体神经发生的影响。许多通过核受体起作用的激素都与调节神经祖细胞生物学有关。鉴于核受体是明确的、可成药的靶点，进一步研究它们在成体神经发生中的作用机制可能会带来新的替代、修复和治疗方法。
