Firus Khan Al'aina Yuhainis, Abdullah Asuhaimi Faizah, Jalal Tara K, Roheem Fatimah Opeyemi, Natto Hatim Abdullah, Johan Muhammad Farid, Ahmed Qamar Uddin, Abdul Wahab Ridhwan
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Pahang 25200, Malaysia.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Pahang 25200, Malaysia.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Feb 12;8(2):39. doi: 10.3390/antiox8020039.
Porcupine bezoars (PBs) are masses of undigested calcareous concretions formed within the gastrointestinal tract. There are undocumented claims that PBs have antioxidant activity and can treat cancers. However, limited scientific study has been carried out to verify these traditional claims. Hence, this study was conducted to characterize the chemical profile and validate the antioxidant and anticancer activity against melanoma cells (A375). PB extract was initially subjected to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (GCMS), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) analyses. The bioautography of antioxidant assays, namely 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH), and β-carotene was performed. An in vitro A375 cell viability assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle arrest assay, and gene expression assay were carried out as well. The experimental finding revealed 5,10-diethoxy-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,6H-dipyrrolo[1,2-a:1',2'-d]pyrazine, ursodeoxycholic acid, and cholest-5-en-3-ol (3 beta)-, carbonochloridate are major compounds detected in PB extract. PB extract has low phenolic content, viz. 698.7 ± 0.93 (µg GAE/5 mg dry weight). The bioautography antioxidant assays revealed a potent antioxidant effect (ABTS > DPPH > β-carotene), with free radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, PB extract exhibited dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cancer activity on A375 cells due to the exhibition of apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway.
豪猪结石（PBs）是在胃肠道内形成的未消化钙质凝结物团块。有未经证实的说法称，豪猪结石具有抗氧化活性且可治疗癌症。然而，为验证这些传统说法而开展的科学研究有限。因此，本研究旨在对其化学特征进行表征，并验证其对黑色素瘤细胞（A375）的抗氧化和抗癌活性。豪猪结石提取物首先进行了傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GCMS）、总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）分析。进行了抗氧化测定的生物自显影，即2,2'-联氮 - 双（3 - 乙基苯并噻唑啉 - 6 - 磺酸）（ABTS）、2,2 - 二苯基 - 1 - 苦基肼（DPPH）和β - 胡萝卜素测定。还进行了体外A375细胞活力测定、凋亡测定、细胞周期阻滞测定和基因表达测定。实验结果显示，5,10 - 二乙氧基 - 2,3,7,8 - 四氢 - 1H,6H - 二吡咯并[1,2 - a:1',2'-d]吡嗪、熊去氧胆酸和胆甾 - 5 - 烯 - 3 - 醇（3β） - 氯甲酸酯是在豪猪结石提取物中检测到的主要化合物。豪猪结石提取物的酚含量较低，即698.7±0.93（μg GAE/5 mg干重）。生物自显影抗氧化测定显示出强大的抗氧化作用（ABTS>DPPH>β - 胡萝卜素），具有自由基清除活性。此外，由于通过内在途径表现出凋亡，豪猪结石提取物对A375细胞的癌症活性表现出剂量和时间依赖性抑制。
