Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
Phytochem Anal. 2019 Jul;30(4):415-423. doi: 10.1002/pca.2824. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
Prunus dulcis Mill. is a plant cultivated for the production of its edible seeds, known as sweet almonds. In the last decades almond demand has highly increased due to their wide use in the industrial manufacturing of almond-based foods; this has led to a huge production of waste materials, mainly corresponding to shells and husks.
To achieve a deeper understanding of the chemical composition of almond husks with the aim of exploring these byproducts as a source of bioactives to be used in nutraceutical and cosmetic formulations.
Methanol, ethanol and ethanol-water extracts of the almond husks were analysed by high-resolution liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HR-LC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS) in negative ion mode. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data were acquired by using the Data-Dependent Scan experiment, allowing the precursor ion to be selected as the most intense peak during LC-MS analyses. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were performed on a Bruker DRX-600 spectrometer. Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) assays were employed to determine the total phenolic content and the radical scavenging activity of the extracts.
The LC-MS/MS analysis of the methanol extract guided the isolation of phloroglucinol derivatives, flavonoids and terpenes. Eco-friendly extraction methods showed to be selective in extracting flavonoids while the comparison of the LC-MS profiles of the Italian cultivars Toritto and Avola showed significant differences, confirming how different growing conditions may influence the metabolome of a plant species.
This study led to a deeper insight into the chemical constituents of almond husks and showed how the eco-friendly extraction resulted in an effective method to obtain extracts rich in antioxidant sources.
甜扁桃（Prunus dulcis Mill.）是一种用于生产可食用种子的植物，被称为甜杏仁。在过去几十年中，由于杏仁在杏仁基食品的工业生产中的广泛应用，杏仁的需求大幅增加；这导致了大量的废物产生，主要是壳和皮。
更深入地了解杏仁皮的化学成分，旨在探索这些副产品作为生物活性物质的来源，用于营养保健品和化妆品配方。
采用高分辨液相色谱电喷雾离子轨道阱质谱（HR-LC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS）在负离子模式下分析了杏仁皮的甲醇、乙醇和乙醇-水提取物。采用 Data-Dependent Scan 实验采集串联质谱（MS/MS）数据，允许在 LC-MS 分析过程中选择最强烈的峰作为前体离子。在 Bruker DRX-600 光谱仪上进行了核磁共振（NMR）实验。采用福林-肖卡（Folin-Ciocalteu）、DPPH（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼）和 TEAC（Trolox 当量抗氧化能力）测定法测定提取物的总酚含量和自由基清除活性。
甲醇提取物的 LC-MS/MS 分析指导了对苯二酚衍生物、类黄酮和萜烯的分离。环保型提取方法显示出对类黄酮的选择性，而对意大利品种托里托（Toritto）和阿沃拉（Avola）的 LC-MS 图谱的比较表明存在显著差异，证实了不同的生长条件如何影响植物物种的代谢组。
本研究深入了解了杏仁皮的化学成分，并表明环保型提取如何成为获得富含抗氧化来源提取物的有效方法。
