Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
Food Res Int. 2017 Nov;101:180-187. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.063. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
The Italian "Nocciola di Giffoni", also known as "Tonda di Giffoni", a labelled Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) product, represents an important economic resource for the Italian market. The methanol (MeOH) extract of "Tonda di Giffoni" shells has been investigated for the phenolic content, assayed by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and for the antioxidant activity by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assays. In order to achieve deeper insight into the chemical composition of the shells of hazelnut "Nocciola di Giffoni" and to highlight the occurrence of biologically active compounds, a phytochemical investigation was carried out. An initial Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) profile of the methanol (MeOH) extract of the shells of C. avellana, cultivar "Tonda di Giffoni" led to the identification of sixteen compounds, of which the structures were elucidated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These were identified as a new diarylheptanoid, giffonin V (13), along with fifteen known phenolic compounds belonging to diarylheptanoid, neolignan, phenilpropanoid and flavonoid classes. In order to perform the quantitative determination of the main compounds of MeOH extract of C. avellana L. shells, an analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with electrospray ionization source (ESI) and triple quadrupole mass analyzer (QqQ), using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan mode, was developed and validated. The quantitative results highlight that main compounds occurred in the extract in concentration ranging from 6.4 to 83.3 (mg/100g). The antioxidant activity of all the isolated compounds evaluated by TEAC assay showed as the flavonoid derivatives exhibited a higher free-radical-scavenging activity. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of each compound was tested against the cancer cell lines A549 and Hela and against the human skin fibroblasts HaCat. None of tested compounds, in a range of concentrations between 12.5 and 100μM, cause a significant reduction of the cell number.
意大利的“Giffoni 榛子”，也被称为“Tonda di Giffoni”，是一种受保护的地理标志（PGI）产品，是意大利市场的重要经济资源。对“Tonda di Giffoni”壳的甲醇（MeOH）提取物进行了酚类含量的研究，采用 Folin-Ciocalteu 法测定，采用 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）和 Trolox 等效抗氧化能力（TEAC）测定法测定了其抗氧化活性。为了更深入地了解榛子“Giffoni 榛子”壳的化学成分，并突出生物活性化合物的存在，进行了植物化学研究。榛子“Tonda di Giffoni”壳甲醇（MeOH）提取物的初始液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）图谱导致鉴定了十六种化合物，通过核磁共振（NMR）光谱确定了这些化合物的结构。其中包括一种新的二芳基庚烷，吉福宁 V（13），以及十五种属于二芳基庚烷、新木脂素、苯丙素和类黄酮类的已知酚类化合物。为了对榛子壳 MeOH 提取物的主要化合物进行定量测定，建立了一种基于液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）与电喷雾电离源（ESI）和三重四极杆质量分析器（QqQ）相结合，采用多反应监测（MRM）扫描模式的分析方法，并进行了验证。定量结果表明，主要化合物在提取物中的浓度范围为 6.4 至 83.3（mg/100g）。通过 TEAC 测定法评估所有分离化合物的抗氧化活性表明，类黄酮衍生物表现出更高的自由基清除活性。此外，还测试了每种化合物对癌细胞系 A549 和 Hela 以及人皮肤成纤维细胞 HaCat 的细胞毒性。在 12.5 至 100μM 的浓度范围内，没有一种测试化合物会导致细胞数量显著减少。
