College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
Department of Horticultural and Crop Environment, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, Korea.
Phytochem Anal. 2019 Jul;30(4):395-404. doi: 10.1002/pca.2822. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
Apples are the most consumed fruits in Korea and have played an economically important role in Korean agriculture. However, widespread viroid infection in apples had been reported in recent years.
The objective of this study was to clarify the relationships between viroid-disease resistance and phenols content of three apple cultivars: "Fuji", "Gamhong", and "Hongro". A model for distinguishing between viroid-free and viroid-infected apples was also developed.
Phenolic compounds in samples were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS) and quantified using an ultraviolet detector at 280 nm. A C -column and 0.5% aqueous acetic acid-methanol were used as the stationary and mobile phase. The HPLC method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery. Multivariate analysis was performed using phenols content as variables to classify viroid-free and viroid-infected apples.
An accurate method for identifying and quantifying phenol compounds in apple samples was developed and validated. In response to viroid infection, considerable increases in the content of dihydrochalcones (in all three cultivars), hydroxycinnamic acid (in "Fuji"), and flavonols (in "Hongro") were observed. The flavonols content in "Fuji" viroid-infected samples, however, decreased dramatically. An effective linear discriminant model, with 98.2% accuracy and 94.6% predictive ability, was achieved to discriminate between viroid-free and viroid-infected samples.
The developed HPLC method is suitable to identify and quantify phenol compounds in viroid-free and viroid-infected apples. A hypothesis about the significance of these compounds in viroid-disease resistance was proposed. The linear discriminant model with high predictive ability is useful for identifying viroid-infected apples in the orchards.
苹果是韩国消费最多的水果，在韩国农业中发挥了重要的经济作用。然而，近年来广泛报道了苹果中的广泛类病毒感染。
本研究的目的是阐明三种苹果品种（“富士”，“甘红”和“红露”）与类病毒抗性和酚类含量之间的关系。还开发了一种区分无类病毒和感染类病毒苹果的模型。
使用高效液相色谱光电二极管阵列串联质谱法（HPLC-PDA-MS/MS）检测样品中的酚类化合物，并使用紫外检测器在 280nm 处定量。使用 C-柱和 0.5％的水醋酸-甲醇作为固定相和流动相。使用酚类含量作为变量对无类病毒和感染类病毒的苹果进行分类，对 HPLC 方法进行了线性度，精密度，准确度和回收率验证。
开发并验证了一种用于鉴定和定量苹果样品中酚类化合物的准确方法。在类病毒感染的情况下，观察到二氢查耳酮（在所有三个品种中），羟基肉桂酸（在“富士”中）和类黄酮（在“Hongro”中）的含量明显增加。然而，“富士”类病毒感染样本中的类黄酮含量急剧下降。实现了一种有效的线性判别模型，准确率为 98.2％，预测能力为 94.6％，可用于区分无类病毒和感染类病毒的样品。
所开发的 HPLC 方法适用于鉴定和定量无类病毒和感染类病毒的苹果中的酚类化合物。提出了这些化合物在类病毒抗性中的意义的假设。具有高预测能力的线性判别模型可用于识别果园中的感染类病毒的苹果。
