Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2019 Aug;94(4):1246-1260. doi: 10.1111/brv.12501. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
Human activities by altering environmental conditions are influencing the mate choice of animals. This is by impacts on: (i) the production and expression of traits evaluated by mate choosers; (ii) the transmission of information about potential mates to choosers; (iii) the reception and processing of the information by choosers; and (iv) the final mate choice. Here, I first discuss how these four stages of the mate-choice process can be altered by environmental change, and how these alterations, in turn, can influence individuals, populations, and communities. Much evidence exists for human-induced environmental changes influencing mate choice, but the consequences for the fitness of courters and choosers are less well known, and even less is known about the impact on population dynamics, species interactions and community composition. More evidence exists for altered mate-choice systems influencing interspecific matings and thereby community composition and biodiversity. I then consider whether plastic adjustments and evolutionary changes can rescue adaptive mate-choice systems, and reflect on the possibility of non-adaptive mate-choice systems becoming less maladaptive under environmental change. Much evidence exists for plastic adjustments of mate-choice systems, but whether these are adaptive is seldom known, as is the contribution of genetic changes. Finally, I contemplate the possibility of mate-choice systems rescuing populations from decline in changing environments. I explain how this is context dependent with both positive and negative outcomes possible. In summary, while much evidence exists for human-induced environmental changes influencing mate-choice systems, less is known about the consequences for ecological and evolutionary processes. Considering the importance that mate choice plays in determining individual fitness and population viability, the effects of environmental change on mate-choice systems should be considered in studies on the ecological and evolutionary consequences of human disturbances to habitats.
人类活动通过改变环境条件正在影响动物的配偶选择。这是通过以下四个方面的影响：（i）影响被配偶选择者评估的特征的产生和表达；（ii）影响潜在配偶信息的传递给选择者；（iii）影响选择者对信息的接收和处理；以及（iv）最终的配偶选择。在这里，我首先讨论了这四个配偶选择过程的阶段如何被环境变化所改变，以及这些改变反过来又如何影响个体、种群和群落。有大量证据表明人类引起的环境变化会影响配偶选择，但对追求者和选择者的适应性的影响却知之甚少，甚至对其对种群动态、物种相互作用和群落组成的影响也知之甚少。有更多的证据表明，改变的配偶选择系统会影响种间交配，从而影响群落组成和生物多样性。然后，我考虑了适应性配偶选择系统是否可以通过可塑性调整和进化变化来挽救，以及非适应性配偶选择系统在环境变化下是否可能变得不那么不适应。有大量证据表明配偶选择系统存在可塑性调整，但这些调整是否具有适应性，以及遗传变化的贡献，却很少有人知道。最后，我思考了配偶选择系统是否有可能在不断变化的环境中拯救种群免于衰退。我解释了这是如何取决于具体情况的，既可能产生积极的结果，也可能产生消极的结果。总之，虽然有大量证据表明人类引起的环境变化会影响配偶选择系统，但对这些变化对生态和进化过程的影响却知之甚少。考虑到配偶选择在决定个体适应性和种群生存能力方面的重要性，在研究人类对栖息地的干扰对生态和进化的影响时，应该考虑环境变化对配偶选择系统的影响。
