University at Albany, State University of New York.
Health Psychol. 2019 Mar;38(3):217-225. doi: 10.1037/hea0000720.
To examine the associations between incarceration history and chronic medical conditions in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults and whether risk for chronic medical conditions differ by sex and race among those with incarceration history.
The data were from the 2012-2013 National Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions III (N = 36,133). Multiple logistic regression was used to compare odds of a self-reported diagnosis for 24 chronic medical conditions by incarceration history, as well as by sex and race within those with incarceration history.
12.4% of adults (SE = 0.35) reported a history of incarceration. When adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, and past year alcohol use, incarceration history was associated with significantly increased odds of most chronic medical conditions (adjusted odds ratio [AORs] range = 1.20-3.41). When additionally adjusted for childhood adversity and stressful life events, odds remained significantly elevated for hypertension, myocardial infarction, minor heart conditions, stomach ulcers, arthritis, sleep problems, anemia, bowel, lung, and nerve problems, liver diseases, HIV/AIDS, and sexually transmitted diseases (AORs range = 1.14-2.78). Relative to men with incarceration history, women with incarceration history reported significantly increased odds of multiple chronic disease conditions (AORs range = 1.22-6.60). Hispanic or non-Hispanic Black individuals with incarceration history showed significantly reduced risk for several chronic medical conditions, relative to their non-Hispanic White counterparts (AORs range = 0.30-0.75).
This study suggests that incarceration may be an important factor when considering health disparities, and also highlights the importance of acknowledging early adversity and ongoing life stressors when providing comprehensive health care for individuals with incarceration history. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
在美国成年人的全国代表性样本中，研究监禁史与慢性疾病的关联，以及在有监禁史的人群中，性别和种族是否会影响慢性疾病的风险。
数据来自 2012-2013 年全国酒精相关状况调查 III（N=36133）。采用多变量逻辑回归比较按监禁史报告的 24 种慢性疾病的自报诊断的几率，并比较在有监禁史的人群中按性别和种族进行的比较。
12.4%的成年人（SE=0.35）报告有监禁史。在调整社会人口特征、吸烟状况和过去一年的酒精使用情况后，监禁史与大多数慢性疾病的风险显著增加相关（调整后的优势比[ORs]范围为 1.20-3.41）。当进一步调整儿童期逆境和生活压力事件时，高血压、心肌梗死、轻微心脏疾病、胃溃疡、关节炎、睡眠问题、贫血、肠道、肺部和神经疾病、肝病、HIV/AIDS 和性传播疾病的几率仍然显著升高（ORs 范围为 1.14-2.78）。与有监禁史的男性相比，有监禁史的女性报告多种慢性疾病的几率显著增加（ORs 范围为 1.22-6.60）。与非西班牙裔白人相比，有监禁史的西班牙裔或非西班牙裔黑人在几种慢性疾病的风险显著降低（ORs 范围为 0.30-0.75）。
这项研究表明，在考虑健康差距时，监禁可能是一个重要因素，同时也强调了在为有监禁史的人提供全面医疗保健时，承认早期逆境和持续的生活压力源的重要性。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
