Xiao C L, Boal R J
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, 1100 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801.
Plant Dis. 2009 Feb;93(2):185-189. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-93-2-0185.
After harvest, apples (Malus × domestica) may be kept in cold storage for up to 12 months prior to packing. Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea and blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum are common postharvest fruit rot diseases affecting apples and are controlled commonly by applications of fungicides after harvest. To search for an alternative strategy, Pristine (a premixed formulation of boscalid and pyraclostrobin) as a preharvest treatment was evaluated for control of postharvest gray mold and blue mold in cultivars Fuji and Red Delicious apples during 2004 to 2006. Pristine (0.36 g per liter of water) was applied 1, 7, or 14 days before harvest. For comparison, thiram (2.04 g per liter of water) was applied 7 days before harvest and ziram (2.4 g per liter of water) was applied 14 days before harvest, to Fuji and Red Delicious, respectively. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity, wounded with a finishing nail head, inoculated with conidial suspensions of either B. cinerea or P. expansum, stored in air at 0°C, and evaluated for decay after 8 or 12 weeks. In 2004 and 2005, Pristine was equally effective when applied to Fuji 1 or 7 days before harvest, reducing gray mold incidence by 93 to 99% and blue mold incidence by 78 to 94% compared with the nontreated control. Thiram reduced gray mold incidence by 38 to 85%. Thiram reduced blue mold incidence by 22% in 2004 but not in 2005. On Red Delicious, Pristine was equally effective when applied 7 or 14 days before harvest and reduced gray mold incidence by 69 to 85% and blue mold incidence by 41 to 70%. Ziram applied 2 weeks before harvest reduced gray mold incidence by 97 and 94% in 2005 and 2006, respectively, but it did not reduce blue mold incidence. The results indicate that Pristine applied within 2 weeks before harvest may be an effective alternative to postharvest fungicides for control of postharvest gray mold and blue mold in Fuji and Red Delicious apples.
收获后，苹果（苹果属×道氏苹果）在包装前可在冷藏中保存长达12个月。由灰葡萄孢引起的灰霉病和由扩展青霉引起的青霉病是影响苹果的常见采后果实腐烂病害，通常通过收获后施用杀菌剂来控制。为了寻找替代策略，在2004年至2006年期间，评估了作为采前处理的施保克（咯菌腈和吡唑醚菌酯的预混制剂）对富士和红元帅苹果采后果实灰霉病和青霉病的防治效果。施保克（每升水0.36克）在收获前1天、7天或14天施用。作为比较，福美双（每升水2.04克）在收获前7天施用于富士苹果，代森锌（每升水2.4克）在收获前14天施用于红元帅苹果。果实于商业成熟时采收，用修光钉头刺伤，接种灰葡萄孢或扩展青霉的分生孢子悬浮液，在0°C空气中贮藏，8周或12周后评估腐烂情况。在2004年和2005年，施保克在收获前1天或7天施用于富士苹果时效果相同，与未处理对照相比，灰霉病发病率降低93%至99%，青霉病发病率降低78%至94%。福美双使灰霉病发病率降低38%至85%。福美双在2004年使青霉病发病率降低22%，但在2005年没有效果。在红元帅苹果上，施保克在收获前7天或14天施用时效果相同，灰霉病发病率降低69%至85%，青霉病发病率降低41%至70%。收获前2周施用的代森锌在2005年和2006年分别使灰霉病发病率降低97%和94%，但未降低青霉病发病率。结果表明，收获前2周内施用施保克可能是控制富士和红元帅苹果采后果实灰霉病和青霉病的采后杀菌剂的有效替代品。
