1 Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
2 Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
OMICS. 2019 Feb;23(2):86-97. doi: 10.1089/omi.2018.0173.
Shisha (water pipe) smoking is falsely believed to be a hazard-free habit and has become a major public health concern. Studies have reported shisha smoking to be associated with oral lesions, as well as carcinomas of the lung, esophagus, bladder, and pancreas. A deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms would contribute to identification of biomarkers for targeted public health screening, therapeutic innovation, and better prognosis of associated diseases. In this study, we have established an in vitro chronic cellular model of shisha-exposed oral keratinocytes to study the effect of shisha on oral cells. Normal nontransformed, immortalized oral keratinocytes were chronically exposed to shisha extract for 8 months. This resulted in significant increase in cellular proliferation and cell invasion in shisha-exposed cells compared to the parental cells. Quantitative proteomic analysis of OKF6/TERT1-Parental and OKF6/TERT1-Shisha cells resulted in the identification of 5515 proteins. Forty-three differentially expressed proteins were found to be common across all conditions. Bioinformatic analysis of the dysregulated proteins identified in the proteomic study revealed dysregulation of interferon pathway, upregulation of proteins involved in cell growth, and downregulation of immune processes. The present findings reveal that chronic exposure of normal oral keratinocytes to shisha leads to cellular transformation and dysregulation of immune response. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that has developed a model of oral keratinocytes chronically exposed to shisha and identified proteomic alterations associated with shisha exposure. However, further research is required to evaluate the health burden of shisha smoking.
水烟（水烟管）吸烟被错误地认为是一种无危险的习惯，已成为主要的公共卫生关注点。研究表明，水烟吸烟与口腔病变以及肺癌、食管癌、膀胱癌和胰腺癌有关。深入了解潜在的分子机制将有助于识别用于有针对性的公共卫生筛查、治疗创新和相关疾病更好预后的生物标志物。在这项研究中，我们建立了一种体外慢性口腔角质形成细胞暴露于水烟的细胞模型，以研究水烟对口腔细胞的影响。正常的非转化、永生化口腔角质形成细胞被慢性暴露于水烟提取物 8 个月。与亲本细胞相比，水烟暴露细胞的细胞增殖和细胞侵袭显著增加。对 OKF6/TERT1-亲本和 OKF6/TERT1-水烟细胞的定量蛋白质组分析导致鉴定出 5515 种蛋白质。发现 43 种差异表达蛋白在所有条件下均普遍存在。对蛋白质组研究中失调蛋白的生物信息学分析表明干扰素途径失调，参与细胞生长的蛋白质上调，免疫过程下调。目前的研究结果表明，正常口腔角质形成细胞的慢性暴露于水烟会导致细胞转化和免疫反应失调。据我们所知，这是第一个开发慢性暴露于水烟的口腔角质形成细胞模型并鉴定与水烟暴露相关的蛋白质组改变的报告。然而，需要进一步研究来评估水烟吸烟的健康负担。
