USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 Feb 15;11(2):407. doi: 10.3390/nu11020407.
Dietary -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence postnatal brain growth and development. However, little data exist regarding the impacts of dietary -3 PUFA in juvenile animals post weaning, which is a time of rapid growth. We tested the hypothesis that depleting dietary -3 PUFA would result in modifications to the cerebellar transcriptome of juvenile rats. To test this hypothesis, three week old male rats (an age that roughly corresponds to an 11 month old child in brain development) were fed diets containing either soybean oil (SO) providing 1.1% energy from α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3-3; ALA-sufficient) or corn oil (CO) providing 0.13% energy from ALA (ALA-deficient) for four weeks. Fatty acids (FAs) in the cerebellum were analyzed and revealed a 4-fold increase in n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5-6), increases in arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4-6) and docosatetraenoic acid (DTA; 22:4-6), but no decrease in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6-3), in animals fed CO versus SO. Transcript abundance was then characterized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two diets. Upper quartile (UQ) scaling and transcripts per million (TPM) data normalization identified 100 and 107 DEGs, respectively. Comparison of DEGs from the two normalization methods identified 70 genes that overlapped, with 90% having abundance differences less than 2-fold. , a transcriptional activator that plays roles in neuroprotection and learning, was elevated over 2-fold from the CO diet. These data indicate that expression of in the juvenile rat cerebellum is responsive to dietary -3 PUFA, but additional studies are needed clarify the neurodevelopmental relationships between -3 PUFA and and the resulting impacts.
膳食 -3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）会影响产后大脑的生长和发育。然而，关于断奶后幼小动物饮食 -3 PUFA 的影响的数据很少，而这是一个快速生长的时期。我们假设，耗尽膳食 -3 PUFA 会导致幼鼠小脑转录组发生变化。为了验证这一假设，我们给三周大的雄性大鼠（这个年龄大致相当于大脑发育中 11 个月大的儿童）喂食含有大豆油（SO）或玉米油（CO）的饮食，前者提供 1.1%的能量来自α-亚麻酸（ALA；18:3-3；ALA 充足），后者提供 0.13%的能量来自 ALA（ALA 缺乏），持续四周。对小脑内的脂肪酸（FA）进行分析，结果显示 n-6 二十二碳五烯酸（DPA；22:5-6）增加了 4 倍，花生四烯酸（AA；20:4-6）和二十二碳六烯酸（DTA；22:4-6）增加，但二十二碳六烯酸（DHA；22:6-3）没有减少，这是因为食用 CO 的动物比食用 SO 的动物多。然后对转录物丰度进行了表征，以确定两种饮食之间差异表达的基因（DEGs）。上四分位数（UQ）缩放和每百万转录物（TPM）数据归一化分别确定了 100 个和 107 个 DEGs。两种归一化方法的 DEG 比较确定了 70 个重叠的基因，其中 90%的基因丰度差异小于 2 倍。在 CO 饮食中，一种在神经保护和学习中发挥作用的转录激活因子上调了 2 倍以上。这些数据表明，幼鼠小脑内的表达对膳食 -3 PUFA 有反应，但需要进一步研究来阐明 -3 PUFA 与和由此产生的影响之间的神经发育关系。
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