Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, USA.
Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA.
Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 15;9(1):2152. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38562-2.
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) cause heavy precipitation and flooding in the coastal areas of many mid-latitude continents, and thus the atmospheric processes associated with the AR have been intensively studied in recent years. However, AR-associated ocean variability and air-sea fluxes have received little attention because of the lack of high-resolution ocean data until recently. Here we demonstrate that typical ARs can generate strong upper ocean response and substantial air-sea fluxes using a high-resolution (1/12°) ocean reanalysis. AR events observed during the CalWater 2015 field campaign generate large-scale on-shore currents that hit the coast, generating strong narrow northward jets along the west coast of North America, in association with a substantial rise of sea level at the coast. In the open ocean, the AR generates prominent changes of mixed layer depth, especially south of 30°N due to the strong surface winds and air-sea heat fluxes. The prominent cooling of SST is observed only in the vicinity of AR upstream areas primarily due to the large latent heat flux. Using a long-term AR dataset, composite structure and variations of upper ocean and air-sea fluxes are presented, which are consistent with those found in the events during CalWater 2015.
大气河流（AR）在许多中纬度大陆的沿海地区引发强降水和洪水，因此近年来与 AR 相关的大气过程受到了广泛关注。然而，由于缺乏高分辨率的海洋数据，直到最近，与 AR 相关的海洋变化和海气通量才受到关注。在这里，我们使用高分辨率（1/12°）海洋再分析结果证明，典型的 AR 可以产生强烈的海洋上层响应和大量的海气通量。在 CalWater 2015 实地考察期间观测到的 AR 事件产生了大规模的向岸海流，这些海流冲击海岸，在北美西海岸形成强烈的狭窄向北海流，同时沿海海平面显著上升。在开阔的海洋中，AR 会产生显著的混合层深度变化，特别是在 30°N 以南，这主要是由于强海面风和海气热通量的影响。仅在 AR 上游地区附近观察到 SST 的显著降温，主要是由于潜热通量较大。使用长期的 AR 数据集，我们展示了海洋上层和海气通量的组合结构和变化，这与 CalWater 2015 期间的事件结果一致。
