Picke Ann-Kristin, Campbell Graeme, Napoli Nicola, Hofbauer Lorenz C, Rauner Martina
Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany.
Endocr Connect. 2019 Mar 1;8(3):R55-R70. doi: 10.1530/EC-18-0456.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, especially as a result of our aging society, high caloric intake and sedentary lifestyle. Besides the well-known complications of T2DM on the cardiovascular system, the eyes, kidneys and nerves, bone strength is also impaired in diabetic patients. Patients with T2DM have a 40-70% increased risk for fractures, despite having a normal to increased bone mineral density, suggesting that other factors besides bone quantity must account for increased bone fragility. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the complex effects of T2DM on bone including effects on bone cells, bone material properties and other endocrine systems that subsequently affect bone, discusses the effects of T2DM medications on bone and concludes with a model identifying factors that may contribute to poor bone quality and increased bone fragility in T2DM.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）在全球范围内的患病率正在上升，这尤其归因于老龄化社会、高热量摄入和久坐不动的生活方式。除了T2DM对心血管系统、眼睛、肾脏和神经的众所周知的并发症外，糖尿病患者的骨强度也会受损。尽管骨矿物质密度正常或增加，但T2DM患者骨折风险仍增加40%-70%，这表明除骨量外的其他因素必定导致了骨脆性增加。本综述总结了目前关于T2DM对骨骼复杂影响的知识，包括对骨细胞、骨材料特性以及随后影响骨骼的其他内分泌系统的影响，讨论了T2DM药物对骨骼的影响，并以一个模型作为结论，该模型确定了可能导致T2DM患者骨质量差和骨脆性增加的因素。
