Short-time series optical coherence tomography angiography and its application to cutaneous microvasculature.

We present a new optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography method for imaging tissue microvasculature based on the characteristic frequency-domain flow signature in a short time series of a single voxel. The angiography signal is generated by Fourier transforming the OCT signal time series from a given voxel in multiple acquisitions and computing the average magnitude of non-zero (high-pass) frequency components. Larger temporal variations of the OCT signal caused by blood flow result in higher values of the average magnitude in the frequency domain compared to those from static tissue. Weighting of the signal by the inverse of the zero-frequency component (i.e., the sum of the OCT signal time series) improves vessel contrast in flow regions of low OCT signal. The method is demonstrated on a fabricated flow phantom and on human skin and, at only 5 time points per voxel, shows enhanced vessel contrast in comparison to conventional correlation mapping/speckle decorrelation and speckle variance methods.