Koenning S R, Frye J W, Butler S C, Creswell T C
Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7616.
Plant Dis. 2007 May;91(5):637. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0637A.
Asian soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & Sydow, was first detected in the continental United States in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Louisiana on 6 November 2004 (3) and in kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) in Florida during February 2005 (1). Soybean rust was first confirmed in North Carolina in commercial soybean fields in Brunswick, Columbus, and Robeson counties on 25 October 2005 (2). Subsequently, the disease was detected in soybean in 18 counties, but not in kudzu, even when it was growing adjacent to infected soybean. During 2006, soybean rust was first detected in North Carolina in soybean on 14 September 2006 from a sample from Columbus County that was submitted to the North Carolina State University Plant Disease and Insect Clinic (NCSU-PDIC). Thus, the first detection of soybean rust in North Carolina occurred almost 6 weeks earlier in 2006 than in 2005. Subsequently, in 2006, soybean rust was found in soybean in 42 counties in North Carolina through survey, sentinel plot monitoring, and samples submitted to the NCSU-PDIC. In addition, what appeared to be soybean rust was observed in two samples of kudzu collected on 3 and 6 November 2006 from Moore (35.28313°N, 79.38020°W) and Johnston (35.42742°N, 78.18154°W) counties of North Carolina. The diagnosis of P. pachyrhizi in kudzu was confirmed visually and by ELISA protocol supplied with the EnviroLogix QualiPlate kit (Portland, ME). ELISA tests for each kudzu sample were run in triplicate. PCR was also conducted on infected kudzu samples with a protocol previously reported (1). The PCR master mix that was used came from a dilution scheme based on previous PCR work completed by G. Z. Abad. A total of 24 reactions were run, including four 1-kb molecular markers, four positive controls, four negative controls, and four infected kudzu leaf tissue samples. The results of all diagnostic techniques confirmed the presence of P. pachyrhizi in diseased kudzu. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. pachyrhizi in kudzu in North Carolina. References: (1) P. F. Harmon et al. Online publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2005-0613-01-RS. Plant Health Progress, 2005. (2) S. R. Koenning et al. Plant Dis. 90:973, 2006. (3) R. W. Schneider et al. Plant Dis. 89:774, 2005.
亚洲大豆锈病由大豆层锈菌（Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & Sydow）引起，2004年11月6日首次在美国大陆路易斯安那州的大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）上被发现（3），2005年2月在佛罗里达州的葛藤（Pueraria montana var. lobata）上被发现（1）。2005年10月25日，北卡罗来纳州布伦瑞克、哥伦布和罗伯逊县的商业大豆田首次确认出现大豆锈病（2）。随后，该病在18个县的大豆中被检测到，但在葛藤中未被检测到，即使葛藤与受感染的大豆相邻生长。2006年，9月14日从哥伦布县提交给北卡罗来纳州立大学植物病害与昆虫诊所（NCSU-PDIC）的一个样本中，北卡罗来纳州首次在大豆中检测到大豆锈病。因此，2006年北卡罗来纳州大豆锈病的首次检测比2005年提前了近6周。随后，2006年通过调查、定点监测以及提交给NCSU-PDIC的样本，北卡罗来纳州42个县的大豆中发现了大豆锈病。此外，2006年11月3日和6日从北卡罗来纳州摩尔县（北纬35.28313°，西经79.38020°）和约翰斯顿县（北纬35.42742°，西经78.18154°）采集的两份葛藤样本中观察到疑似大豆锈病的症状。通过视觉观察以及使用EnviroLogix QualiPlate试剂盒（缅因州波特兰）提供的ELISA检测方法，确认了葛藤样本中存在大豆层锈菌。每个葛藤样本的ELISA检测均重复进行三次。还对受感染的葛藤样本按照先前报道的方法进行了PCR检测（1）。所使用的PCR主混合液来自基于G. Z. Abad之前完成的PCR工作的稀释方案。总共进行了24次反应，包括四个1 kb分子标记、四个阳性对照、四个阴性对照以及四个受感染的葛藤叶片组织样本。所有诊断技术的结果均证实患病葛藤中存在大豆层锈菌。据我们所知，这是北卡罗来纳州葛藤中首次报道大豆层锈菌。参考文献：（1）P. F. Harmon等人。在线出版物。doi:10.1094/PHP - 2005 - 0613 - 01 - RS。《植物健康进展》，2005年。（2）S. R. Koenning等人。《植物病害》90:973，2006年。（（3）R. W. Schneider等人。《植物病害》89:774，2005年。
