Nita M, Ellis M A, Wilson L L, Madden L V
Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691.
Plant Dis. 2006 Sep;90(9):1195-1200. doi: 10.1094/PD-90-1195.
Efficacy of application of the fungicides calcium polysulfide or fixed copper during the dormant period on control of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot of grape (Vitis spp.), caused by Phomopsis viticola, was examined under field conditions during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons in Ohio. Dormant-period fungicide applications were made either in the fall (after leaf drop and periderm tissue formation on the first-year canes, mid-November), or spring (at bud-swell, mid-April), or both. Disease incidence and severity on leaves and internodes were examined. In addition, effects of dormant-period application on sporulation of P. viticola were determined by examining the number of conidia in rain-splashed water in the spring and formation of mature pycnidia on cane sections in the winter. Fall-and-spring and spring applications of calcium poly-sulfide provided 12 to 88% reduction in disease intensity (incidence or severity), whereas calendar-based protectant mancozeb applications reduced overall disease intensity by 47 to 100%. Fixed-copper applications did not provide a consistent reduction of the disease. Fall applications of dormant-period fungicide provided little or no effect by itself. There was a significantly lower number of conidia observed in collected splashed rain water from vines treated with fall-and-spring applications of calcium polysulfide than in rain water from nonsprayed vines. Fall-and-spring and spring applications of calcium polysulfide provided a significant reduction in the number of mature pycnidia formed on incubated cane sections compared with the nonsprayed control (5 versus 10 pycnidia/cm), whereas fixed copper did not provide a significant reduction.
2003年和2004年生长季期间，在俄亥俄州的田间条件下，研究了在休眠期施用杀菌剂多硫化钙或波尔多液对由葡萄座腔菌引起的葡萄（葡萄属）蔓枯病和叶斑病的防治效果。休眠期杀菌剂处理分别在秋季（落叶后且一年生枝条形成周皮组织时，11月中旬）、春季（芽膨大时，4月中旬）或春秋两季进行。对叶片和节间的发病率和病情严重程度进行了检查。此外，通过检测春季雨滴溅落水中的分生孢子数量以及冬季枝条切段上成熟分生孢子器的形成情况，确定了休眠期施药对葡萄座腔菌产孢的影响。多硫化钙秋季加春季和春季施药使病情严重程度（发病率或病情严重程度）降低了12%至88%，而按照日程安排施用的保护性杀菌剂代森锰锌使总体病情严重程度降低了47%至100%。波尔多液施药未能持续降低病害。休眠期杀菌剂秋季单独施药效果甚微或没有效果。与未喷药葡萄藤收集的雨水中的分生孢子数量相比，秋季加春季施用多硫化钙处理的葡萄藤收集的雨滴溅落水中观察到的分生孢子数量显著减少。与未喷药对照相比（分别为5个和10个分生孢子器/厘米），多硫化钙秋季加春季和春季施药显著减少了培养枝条切段上形成的成熟分生孢子器数量，而波尔多液则未显著减少。
