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绿肥类型和施用量对褐皮伯班克马铃薯黄萎病严重程度及产量的影响

Effects of Green Manure Type and Amendment Rate on Verticillium Wilt Severity and Yield of Russet Burbank Potato.

作者信息

Ochiai N, Powelson M L, Dick R P, Crowe F J

机构信息

Department of Crop and Soil Science.

Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.

出版信息

Plant Dis. 2007 Apr;91(4):400-406. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-91-4-0400.

Abstract

Increasing restriction of agrochemicals is motivating development of ecology-based cropping systems, including green manures, to manage soilborne diseases. Green manures have shown promise in suppressing Verticillium dahliae, but information about effect of different green manures and optimal application rates remains limited. Therefore, we conducted two single-year field experiments comparing effects of Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum 'Melrose'), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis 'Excelsior'), and Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense 'Monarch'), amended at 6, 12, or 24 Mg ha, on soil populations and root infection by V. dahliae, wilt severity, and yield of Russet Burbank potato. Inoculum density was reduced relative to the nonamended, infested control by all broccoli treatments, Austrian winter pea applied at 12 and 24 Mg ha, and Sudan grass applied at 12 Mg ha. Root infection was not reduced by any green manure treatment. Median wilt severity was reduced approximately 70% by all green manures applied at 24 Mg ha and 74% by Austrian winter pea applied at 12 Mg ha. Tuber yield was reduced approximately 20% in nonamended, V. dahliae-infested controls relative to the noninfested controls. No green manure treatment improved yield relative to the nonamended, infested control.

摘要

对农用化学品限制的不断增加,正促使包括绿肥在内的基于生态的种植系统得到发展,以管理土传病害。绿肥在抑制大丽轮枝菌方面已显示出前景,但关于不同绿肥的效果和最佳施用量的信息仍然有限。因此,我们进行了两项单年田间试验,比较了施用量为6、12或24 Mg/公顷的奥地利冬豌豆(Pisum sativum 'Melrose')、西兰花(Brassica oleracea var. botrytis 'Excelsior')和苏丹草(Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense 'Monarch')对大丽轮枝菌的土壤菌量、根部感染、枯萎严重程度以及褐皮伯班克马铃薯产量的影响。相对于未改良的、受侵染的对照,所有西兰花处理、施用量为12和24 Mg/公顷的奥地利冬豌豆以及施用量为12 Mg/公顷的苏丹草处理均降低了接种体密度。没有任何绿肥处理降低根部感染。所有施用量为24 Mg/公顷的绿肥处理使枯萎严重程度中位数降低了约70%,施用量为12 Mg/公顷的奥地利冬豌豆使枯萎严重程度中位数降低了74%。相对于未受侵染的对照,在未改良的、受大丽轮枝菌侵染的对照中,块茎产量降低了约20%。相对于未改良的、受侵染的对照,没有绿肥处理提高产量。

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