Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany; Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Developmental Biology of the Innate Immune System, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Immunity. 2019 Feb 19;50(2):288-301. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.01.019.
Myelopoiesis ensures the steady state of the myeloid cell compartment. Technological advances in fate mapping and genetic engineering, as well as the advent of single cell RNA-sequencing, have highlighted the heterogeneity of the hematopoietic system and revealed new concepts in myeloid cell ontogeny. These technologies are also shedding light on mechanisms of myelopoiesis at homeostasis and at different phases of infection and inflammation, illustrating important feedback loops between affected tissues and the bone marrow. We review these findings here and revisit principles in myelopoiesis in light of the evolving understanding of myeloid cell ontogeny and heterogeneity. We argue for the importance of system-wide evaluation of changes in myelopoiesis and discuss how even after the resolution of inflammation, long-lasting alterations in myelopoiesis may play a role in innate immune memory or trained immunity.
骨髓造血确保了髓系细胞的稳定状态。命运图谱和基因工程技术的进步，以及单细胞 RNA 测序的出现，突显了造血系统的异质性，并揭示了髓系细胞发生的新概念。这些技术还揭示了在稳态和感染与炎症的不同阶段的骨髓造血机制，阐明了受影响组织与骨髓之间的重要反馈回路。我们在此回顾这些发现，并根据对髓系细胞发生和异质性的不断发展的认识，重新审视骨髓造血的原理。我们认为系统评估骨髓造血变化的重要性，并讨论即使在炎症消退后，骨髓造血的持久改变也可能在先天免疫记忆或训练免疫中发挥作用。
