National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29.3 - P.O. Box 10, I-00015, Monterotondo RM, Italy.
National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29.3 - P.O. Box 10, I-00015, Monterotondo RM, Italy.
Environ Pollut. 2019 May;248:145-158. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.020. Epub 2019 Feb 10.
A scientific campaign was undertaken along the Western sector of the Mediterranean Sea in the summer 2015 (26th Jun to 13th Jul), with the goal of gathering information about organic contaminants affecting marine aerosol over the Italian seas and with a special focus on changes in composition due to sources. 24 PM atmospheric samples in total were chemically characterized, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) and phthalate esters. Contemporarily, regulated gaseous toxicants (i.e. ozone, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide) and meteorological parameters were recorded. Samplings were carried out inshore in front of harbors (N = 7) and along the cruise, both during the vessel shipping (N = 11, transects) and at its stops offshore (N = 6). Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 1.94 ng/m and raised close to harbors and coastal sites, confirming that continental sources were responsible for the strong increase of pollution levels there compared to offshore. The percent composition and diagnostic ratio rates of PAHs were different for harbors, while transects were in agreement with offshore stops, possibly due to the different impact of pollution sources. n-Alkanes (CC) and the corresponding carbon preference index rates (CPI) were assessed; their values ranged 8.7-90 ng/m and 1.1-2.9 respectively, which suggested that fossil fuel combustion was the dominant source, though biogenic emission could contribute. Alkyl phthalates revealed wide variability in concentrations among aerosol samples. Moreover, long-range atmospheric transport and particle ageing effect induced by photo-oxidants were important factors controlling the composition of organic aerosols in the Mediterranean Sea air.
2015 年夏季（6 月 26 日至 7 月 13 日）在地中海西部海域进行了一项科学考察，目的是收集有关影响意大利海域海洋气溶胶的有机污染物的信息，并特别关注由于来源而导致的组成变化。共对 24 个大气 PM 样品进行了化学特征描述，包括多环芳烃（PAHs）、脂肪族烃（正烷烃）和邻苯二甲酸酯。同时记录了受管制的气态有毒物质（即臭氧、氮氧化物和二氧化硫）和气象参数。采样地点包括港口前的近岸地区（N=7）和沿航段进行的海上采样（N=11，航段）以及海上停泊点（N=6）。总多环芳烃浓度范围为 0.03 至 1.94ng/m，在港口和沿海地区附近浓度升高，证实与近海相比，大陆源是造成这些地区污染水平急剧上升的原因。多环芳烃的百分组成和诊断比值在港口处不同，而航段与海上停泊点一致，这可能是由于污染来源的不同影响。评估了正烷烃（CC）及其相应的碳偏好指数（CPI）值；它们的浓度范围为 8.7-90ng/m，CPI 值范围为 1.1-2.9，这表明化石燃料燃烧是主要来源，但也可能有生物源排放的贡献。气溶胶样品中烷基邻苯二甲酸酯的浓度变化很大。此外，长程大气传输和光氧化剂引起的颗粒老化效应是控制地中海空气中有机气溶胶组成的重要因素。
