Smahel J
Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, Research Section, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Ann Plast Surg. 1986 May;16(5):444-53.
In this article I review the present state of knowledge about adipose tissue as it is relevant to the practical purposes of plastic surgery. Fat cells are normal constituents of loose connective tissue. Large numbers of fat cells organized into lobules are classified as adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is a special form of reticular connective tissue. The lobules are both morphologically and angiologically independent units. They are seen as well-vascularized structures supplied with blood through a pedicle. Severance of the lobule normally results in necrosis. The subcutaneous fat layer derives from the "primitive organs" identifiable in the hypodermis from the fourth fetal month onward. The primitive organs are the basis for individual fat lobules. The development of adipose tissue continues until physical growth is complete. The disposition of the subcutis to develop adipose tissue shows great variation in different regions of the body. The in-situ mechanical resistance of adipose tissue is provided by the supporting structures. The development, structural characteristics, and physiology of adipose tissue can provide an explanation for many of the observations plastic surgeons have made on this tissue. The processes involved in healing, grafting, and reduction of adipose tissue are analyzed and considered in relation to the clinical picture.
在本文中，我将回顾与整形外科学实际应用相关的脂肪组织的现有知识状态。脂肪细胞是疏松结缔组织的正常组成部分。大量脂肪细胞聚集成小叶，被归类为脂肪组织。脂肪组织是网状结缔组织的一种特殊形式。小叶在形态学和血管学上都是独立的单位。它们被视为通过蒂供血的血管丰富的结构。小叶切断通常会导致坏死。皮下脂肪层源自从胎儿第四个月起可在皮下识别的“原始器官”。原始器官是单个脂肪小叶的基础。脂肪组织的发育会持续到身体生长完成。皮下组织形成脂肪组织的倾向在身体不同部位差异很大。脂肪组织的原位机械阻力由支撑结构提供。脂肪组织的发育、结构特征和生理学可以解释整形外科医生对该组织所做的许多观察结果。结合临床情况，对脂肪组织的愈合、移植和减少过程进行了分析和考量。
