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澳大利亚东南部商业化生产三年内甘蓝型油菜对黑胫病的主基因抗性被克服。

Major Gene Resistance to Blackleg in Brassica napus Overcome Within Three Years of Commercial Production in Southeastern Australia.

作者信息

Sprague S J, Marcroft S J, Hayden H L, Howlett B J

机构信息

CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 and School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.

Marcroft Grains Pathology, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, Victoria 3400, Australia.

出版信息

Plant Dis. 2006 Feb;90(2):190-198. doi: 10.1094/PD-90-0190.

Abstract

The infection by Leptosphaeria maculans of Brassica napus cultivars with major gene resistance derived from Brassica rapa subsp. sylvestris was studied in southeastern Australia. Following the commercial release of these cultivars in Australia in 2000, plants with stem cankers were first reported in 2002 at two geographically isolated regions in South Australia and New South Wales. In 2003, this study showed that the major gene resistance had been overcome in an area of approximately 50,000 ha in South Australia and in two fields in New South Wales (0.5 and 30 ha). There was no relationship between disease severity and incidence in 2003 and the proximity to the sites where resistance breakdown occurred in 2002. At some locations, the frequency of isolates able to overcome the B. rapa subsp. sylvestris-derived resistance had increased between 2002 and 2003. Isolates cultured from canola cultivars with either B. rapa subsp. sylvestris-derived resistance or polygenic resistance showed host specificity when inoculated onto cultivars with B. rapa subsp. sylvestris-derived or polygenic resistance, respectively. The most likely cause of the resistance breakdown was the rapid increase in frequency of L. maculans isolates virulent on this particular resistance source. The selection pressure leading to this increased frequency was probably mediated by the planting of cultivars harboring the major resistance gene in the same locations for a 3-year period, and the ability of the pathogen to produce large numbers of asexual and sexual spores.

摘要

在澳大利亚东南部,对源自芜菁亚种野芥菜的具有主基因抗性的甘蓝型油菜品种受黄斑小球腔菌感染的情况进行了研究。2000年这些品种在澳大利亚商业化推广后,2002年首次在南澳大利亚和新南威尔士两个地理上隔离的地区报道了出现茎溃疡病的植株。2003年,本研究表明在南澳大利亚约50000公顷的区域以及新南威尔士的两块田地(0.5公顷和30公顷)中,主基因抗性已被克服。2003年病害严重程度和发病率与2002年抗性失效发生地点的距离之间没有关系。在一些地点,能够克服源自芜菁亚种野芥菜抗性的分离株频率在2002年至2003年期间有所增加。从具有源自芜菁亚种野芥菜抗性或多基因抗性的油菜品种上培养的分离株,分别接种到具有源自芜菁亚种野芥菜抗性或多基因抗性的品种上时,表现出寄主特异性。抗性失效最可能的原因是对这种特定抗性源具有毒性的黄斑小球腔菌分离株频率迅速增加。导致这种频率增加的选择压力可能是由于在同一地点连续三年种植携带主抗性基因的品种,以及病原菌产生大量无性和有性孢子的能力。

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