Nischwitz C, Mullis S W, Gitaitis R D, Csinos A S
University of Georgia, Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, P.O. Box 748, Tifton 31794.
Plant Dis. 2006 Apr;90(4):524. doi: 10.1094/PD-90-0524B.
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a member of the family Bunyaviridae and has a wide host range including important crops such as tomato, pepper, tobacco, peanut, and onion. In areas of Georgia, soybean (Glycine max) is double cropped between two onion crops and as a rotation crop with peanuts. Soybeans do not show any TSWV symptoms, and therefore, have not been tested on a large scale for the virus. However, because symptomless weed and crop plants provide a reservoir for TSWV and the thrips vectors (2), a survey was conducted during the summer of 2005 to evaluate the occurrence of TSWV in soybean. The survey took place in seven counties in southern Georgia with field sizes ranging between 0.4 and 20 ha (1 and 50 acres). Soybean cultivars included Haskell, DP7220, DP6770, Pioneer 97B52, and Vigoro V622NRR. Of 848 randomly selected plants tested using the double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN), 6.6% tested positive for TSWV. Plants testing positive ranged from seedling to the pod-setting stages. Leaves and roots of several plants tested positive, indicating a systemic infection. Soybean plants testing positive using ELISA were blotted onto FTA cards (Whatman Inc., Brentford, UK) to bind viral RNA for preservation, and the blotted samples were processed according to the manufacturer's protocol. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using punch-outs from the FTA cards and TSWV nucleocapsid gene specific forward and reverse primers (5'-TTAAGCAAGTTCTGTGAG-3' and 5'-ATGTCTAAGGTTAAGCTC-3'), respectively (4), confirmed the identity of TSWV. TSWV has been found in soybean in other parts of the world (1) but has only been reported in the United States in a survey from Tennessee (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of TSWV in soybean in Georgia. The role soybean plays as a reservoir or green bridge for thrips and TSWV is currently unknown. References: (1) A. R. Golnaraghi et al. Plant Dis. 88:1069, 2004. (2) R. L. Groves et al. Phytopathology 91:891, 2001. (3) B. S. Kennedy and B. B. Reddick. Soybean Genet. Newsl. 22:197, 1995. (4) H. R. Pappu et al. Tob. Sci. 40:74, 1996.
番茄斑萎病毒（TSWV）是布尼亚病毒科的成员，寄主范围广泛，包括番茄、辣椒、烟草、花生和洋葱等重要作物。在佐治亚州部分地区，大豆（Glycine max）在两季洋葱作物之间进行复种，也作为花生的轮作作物。大豆未表现出任何番茄斑萎病毒症状，因此尚未对该病毒进行大规模检测。然而，由于无症状的杂草和作物植株是番茄斑萎病毒及其蓟马传播媒介的宿主（2），于2005年夏季进行了一项调查，以评估大豆中番茄斑萎病毒的发生情况。调查在佐治亚州南部的七个县进行，田地面积在0.4至20公顷（1至50英亩）之间。大豆品种包括哈斯克尔、DP7220、DP6770、先锋97B52和维格罗V622NRR。使用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法（DAS-ELISA）（Agdia公司，印第安纳州埃尔克哈特）对随机选取的848株植株进行检测，其中6.6%的植株番茄斑萎病毒检测呈阳性。检测呈阳性的植株涵盖了从幼苗期到结荚期的各个阶段。几株植株的叶片和根部检测呈阳性，表明存在系统感染。将ELISA检测呈阳性的大豆植株印迹到FTA卡（Whatman公司，英国布伦特福德）上，以结合病毒RNA进行保存，印迹样本按照制造商的方案进行处理。使用从FTA卡上冲压下来的样本以及番茄斑萎病毒核衣壳基因特异性正向和反向引物（分别为5'-TTAAGCAAGTTCTGTGAG-3'和5'-ATGTCTAAGGTTAAGCTC-3'）（4）进行逆转录-聚合酶链反应，证实了番茄斑萎病毒的身份。在世界其他地区的大豆中已发现番茄斑萎病毒（1），但在美国仅田纳西州的一项调查中有相关报道（3）。据我们所知，这是佐治亚州大豆中首次出现番茄斑萎病毒的报道。目前尚不清楚大豆作为蓟马和番茄斑萎病毒的宿主或绿色桥梁所起的作用。参考文献：（1）A. R. 戈尔纳拉吉等人，《植物病害》88:1069，2004年。（2）R. L. 格罗夫斯等人，《植物病理学》91:891，2001年。（3）B. S. 肯尼迪和B. B. 雷迪克，《大豆遗传学通讯》22:197，1995年。（4）H. R. 帕普等人，《烟草科学》40:74，1996年。
