Lin Yitao, Reygel Patrick, Feng Weitao, Chen Jiajia, Tessens Bart, Van Steenkiste Niels W L, Schockaert Ernest R, Artois Tom J, Wang Antai
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China.
Zootaxa. 2019 Jan 25;4550(3):357-373. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4550.3.4.
Four new species of Paraustrorhynchus (Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia: Polycystididae) are described: two from Southern China (P. shenda n. sp., P. sinensis n. sp.), one from New Caledonia (P. isoldeae n. sp.), and one from India (P. smeetsae n. sp.). All four species show a typical dark blue dorsal pigmentation pattern, which is unique to the genus. This pigment forms a broad longitudinal line in P. shenda n. sp. and P. sinensis n. sp., shows an additional transverse band at the level of the pharynx in P. smeetsae n. sp. and forms a Y-shaped pattern in P. isoldeae n. sp. The four species can also be distinguished from each other and their congeners by the detailed morphology of the hard parts of the male system, which in all cases consists of an L-shaped (P. shenda n. sp., P. isoldeae n. sp) or slightly-curved (P. smeetsae n. sp., P. sinensis n. sp.) prostate stylet type II and a prostate stylet type III, which consists of three plates: a basal plate from which two longer plates depart, each with a distal serrated rim. A phylogenetic analysis based on 18S and 28S-rDNA data indicates that Paraustrorhynchus is a monophyletic taxon within Polycystidinae, with Alcha evelinae as the sister group.
描述了四种新的拟澳吻虫属（扁形动物门：杯吻亚纲：多囊科）物种：两种来自中国南方（申氏拟澳吻虫新种、中华拟澳吻虫新种），一种来自新喀里多尼亚（伊索尔德氏拟澳吻虫新种），一种来自印度（斯米茨氏拟澳吻虫新种）。所有这四个物种均呈现典型的深蓝色背色素沉着模式，这是该属所特有的。这种色素在申氏拟澳吻虫新种和中华拟澳吻虫新种中形成一条宽阔的纵向线，在斯米茨氏拟澳吻虫新种的咽部水平处显示出一条额外的横向带，在伊索尔德氏拟澳吻虫新种中形成一个Y形图案。这四个物种还可以通过雄性系统硬体部分的详细形态与彼此及其同属物种区分开来，在所有情况下，雄性系统均由一个L形（申氏拟澳吻虫新种、伊索尔德氏拟澳吻虫新种）或略弯曲（斯米茨氏拟澳吻虫新种、中华拟澳吻虫新种）的前列腺针型II和一个前列腺针型III组成，前列腺针型III由三个板组成：一个基板，从该基板分出两个较长的板，每个板都有一个远端锯齿状边缘。基于18S和28S - rDNA数据的系统发育分析表明，拟澳吻虫属是多囊亚科内的一个单系分类单元，阿尔查埃维利纳属为姐妹群。
