Marrone Federico, Nardi Gianbattista, Cianfanelli Simone, GovediČ Marijan, Barra Salvatore Alessandro, Arculeo Marco, Bodon Marco
Department STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, I-90123 Palermo, Italy..
Zootaxa. 2019 Jan 17;4545(3):339-374. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.3.2.
Novel Unio spp. populations from Slovenia, the Italian peninsula, Sardinia and Sicily were genetically analysed in order to define the distribution and diversity of the genus Unio in Italy and neighbouring areas. The presence of two primarily allopatric autochtonous species, Unio elongatulus Pfeiffer, and Unio mancus Lamarck, is confirmed for the Italian peninsula, Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily.Autochthonous populations of Unio elongatulus are present in the peri-Adriatic drainages of the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, south as far as the Ofanto River (Apulia, Italy) and Lake Skadar (Albania), while its presence in the Tyrrhenian rivers of Tuscany is likely due to anthropogenic introduction events. Conversely, Unio mancus turtonii Payraudeau, an endangered peri-Tyrrhenian taxon, was found with autochthonous populations in the Apennine-Tyrrhenian drainages of peninsular Italy, eastern Mediterranean France, Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily, while the actual autochthony of the single population found in the Ionian basin of the Italian peninsula (Bradano River, Basilicata) deserves further investigation. The Italian population of U. mancus requienii Michaud, reported from Lake Montepulciano is to be considered allochthonous.The binomen U. elongatulus, although widely used in the recent scientific literature, was, to date, assigned to a doubtful species, because its type locality includes a large area inhabited by different Unio taxa, which are not clearly distinguishable by their shell alone; furthermore, no type material is present in historical collections. To retain the recently-used name, a new restricted type locality is established, where only U. elongatulus lives, and a neotype is designated. The validity of the subspecies of Unio mancus is also discussed and confirmed.Finally, hypotheses on the origin of Italian mussels, and considerations on their conservation status are discussed.
对来自斯洛文尼亚、意大利半岛、撒丁岛和西西里岛的新型珠蚌属种群进行了基因分析，以确定珠蚌属在意大利及周边地区的分布和多样性。在意大利半岛、科西嘉岛、撒丁岛和西西里岛确认存在两种主要异域分布的本地物种，即长珠蚌（Unio elongatulus Pfeiffer）和曼氏珠蚌（Unio mancus Lamarck）。长珠蚌的本地种群存在于意大利和巴尔干半岛的亚得里亚海周边流域，向南远至奥凡托河（意大利普利亚）和斯卡达尔湖（阿尔巴尼亚），而其在托斯卡纳第勒尼安海河流中的出现可能是由于人为引入事件。相反，濒危的第勒尼安海周边分类单元曼氏珠蚌图尔托尼亚种（Unio mancus turtonii Payraudeau）在意大利半岛的亚平宁 - 第勒尼安海流域、法国地中海东部、科西嘉岛、撒丁岛和西西里岛发现有本地种群，而在意大利半岛伊奥尼亚海盆地（巴西利卡塔的布拉达诺河）发现的单一种群的实际本地性值得进一步研究。据报道，来自蒙特普尔恰诺湖的曼氏珠蚌雷基尼亚种（U. mancus requienii Michaud）的意大利种群应被视为外来种群。双名法长珠蚌（U. elongatulus）尽管在最近的科学文献中广泛使用，但迄今为止，它被归为一个有疑问的物种，因为其模式产地包括一个由不同珠蚌分类单元居住的大面积区域，仅通过它们的壳无法清晰区分；此外，历史收藏中没有模式标本。为了保留最近使用的名称，建立了一个新的受限模式产地，那里仅生活着长珠蚌，并指定了一个新模式标本。还讨论并确认了曼氏珠蚌亚种的有效性。最后，讨论了关于意大利贻贝起源的假设以及对它们保护状况的考虑。
