Zhang Shimeng, Mound Laurence A, Feng Jinian
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education; Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia.
Zootaxa. 2019 Feb 8;4554(1):239-254. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.8.
Variation is discussed concerning the number of antennal segments in adults, and the number of their sense cones, among 182 of the 289 genera of Thripidae. Brief comments are also made concerning antennal structure and sensoria among the other seven terebrantian families. The plesiotypic condition for Thysanoptera is 9-segmented antennae, but fusion between various segments leads to a reduction in number to as few as five segments, and such fusion occurs in unrelated species. In Thripidae, antennal segment III never bears more than one sense cone, but the distribution of sense cones on segments IV-VIII varies and is tabulated. On antennal segment IV, species in nearly all Panchaetothripinae genera and more than half of Thripinae genera have two sense cones, but genera of Dendrothripinae and Sericothripinae bear only one on this segment. The differing patterns of segmental fusion that occur in Thripidae are discussed in association with the number of sense cones on VI-VIII; species with 7, 8 or 9 segmented antennae almost always lack a sense cone on the terminal segment. It is concluded that the number of antennal segments is subject to irregular homoplasy, and is thus sometimes an unreliable indicator of relationships.
本文讨论了蓟马科289个属中的182个属成虫触角节数及其感觉锥数量的变异情况。同时，也对其他七个锯尾亚目科的触角结构和感器作了简要评论。缨翅目的原始状态是触角有9节，但不同节之间的融合会导致节数减少至5节，且这种融合发生在亲缘关系较远的物种中。在蓟马科中，触角第三节上的感觉锥从不超过一个，但第四节至第八节上感觉锥的分布有所不同，并制成了表格。在触角第四节上，几乎所有管蓟马亚科属的物种以及超过半数蓟马亚科属的物种都有两个感觉锥，但棍蓟马亚科和绢蓟马亚科的属在该节上只有一个感觉锥。本文结合第六节至第八节上感觉锥的数量，讨论了蓟马科中不同的节融合模式；触角有7节、8节或9节的物种在末节上几乎总是没有感觉锥。得出的结论是，触角节数会出现不规则的同塑性，因此有时是亲缘关系的不可靠指标。
