Perrot-Minnot Marie-Jeanne, Guyonnet Emilie, Bollache Loïc, Lagrue Clément
Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France.
Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25000, Besançon, France.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2019 Feb 1;8:135-144. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.01.007. eCollection 2019 Apr.
Parasites with complex life-cycles and trophic transmission are expected to show low specificity towards final hosts. However, testing this hypothesis may be hampered by low taxonomic resolution, particularly in helminths. We investigated this issue using two intestinal fish parasites with similar life-cycles and occurring in sympatry, and (Acanthocephala). We used species-specific ITS1 length polymorphism to discriminate parasite species from 910 adult acanthocephalans collected in 174 individual hosts from 12 fish species. Both and exhibited restricted host range within the community of available fish host species, and transmission bias compared to their relative abundance in intermediate hosts. The two parasites also exhibited low niche overlap, primarily due to their contrasting use of bentho-pelagic () and benthic () fish. Furthermore, parasite prevalence in intermediate hosts appeared to increase with taxonomic specificity in definitive host use. Comparison of and adult size in the two main definitive hosts, barbel and chub, suggested lower compatibility towards the fish species with the lowest parasite abundance, in particular in . The determinants of low niche overlap between these two sympatric acanthocephalan species, and the contribution of definitive host range diversity to parasite transmission success, are discussed.
具有复杂生命周期和营养传递的寄生虫预计对终末宿主表现出较低的特异性。然而，检验这一假设可能会受到分类分辨率低的阻碍，尤其是在蠕虫类中。我们使用两种具有相似生命周期且同域分布的肠道鱼类寄生虫——棘头虫目（Acanthocephala）的 和 ，来研究这个问题。我们利用物种特异性的ITS1长度多态性，从12种鱼类的174个个体宿主中收集的910只成年棘头虫中鉴别寄生虫物种。 和 在可用鱼类宿主物种群落中均表现出有限的宿主范围，并且与其在中间宿主中的相对丰度相比存在传播偏差。这两种寄生虫还表现出较低的生态位重叠，主要是由于它们对中上层（ ）和底栖（ ）鱼类的不同利用。此外，中间宿主中的寄生虫患病率似乎随着终末宿主利用的分类特异性增加而增加。对 和 在两种主要终末宿主——鲃鱼和雅罗鱼中的成虫大小比较表明，它们对寄生虫丰度最低的鱼类物种的兼容性较低，尤其是在 中。本文讨论了这两种同域分布的棘头虫物种之间低生态位重叠的决定因素，以及终末宿主范围多样性对寄生虫传播成功的贡献。
