Carleton R Nicholas, Afifi Tracie O, Turner Sarah, Taillieu Tamara, Vaughan Adam D, Anderson Gregory S, Ricciardelli Rosemary, MacPhee Renée S, Cramm Heidi A, Czarnuch Stephen, Hozempa Kadie, Camp Ronald D
Anxiety and Illness Behaviours Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Cogn Behav Ther. 2020 Jan;49(1):55-73. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2019.1575900. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
Public Safety Personnel (PSP; e.g. correctional workers, dispatchers, firefighters, paramedics, police) are frequently exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTEs). Several mental health training program categories (e.g. critical incident stress management (CISM), debriefing, peer support, psychoeducation, mental health first aid, Road to Mental Readiness [R2MR]) exist as efforts to minimize the impact of exposures, often using cognitive behavioral therapy model content, but with limited effectiveness research. The current study assessed PSP perceptions of access to professional (i.e. physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, employee assistance programs, chaplains) and non-professional (i.e. spouse, friends, colleagues, leadership) support, and associations between training and mental health. Participants included 4,020 currently serving PSP participants. Data were analyzed using cross-tabulations and logistic regressions. Most PSP reported access to professional and non-professional support; nevertheless, most would first access a spouse (74%) and many would never, or only as a last resort, access professional support (43-60%) or PSP leaders (67%). Participation in any mental health training category was associated with lower ( < .01) rates for some, but not all, mental disorders, with no robust differences across categories. Revisions to training programs may improve willingness to access professional support; in the interim, training and support for PSP spouses and leaders may also be beneficial.
公共安全人员（PSP；如惩教人员、调度员、消防员、护理人员、警察）经常暴露于潜在的创伤性事件（PTEs）中。目前存在几种心理健康培训项目类别（如危机事件应激管理（CISM）、汇报、同伴支持、心理教育、心理健康急救、心理准备之路[R2MR]），这些都是为了尽量减少暴露的影响，通常采用认知行为疗法模型的内容，但有效性研究有限。当前的研究评估了公共安全人员对获得专业（即医生、心理学家、精神科医生、员工援助计划、牧师）和非专业（即配偶、朋友、同事、领导）支持的看法，以及培训与心理健康之间的关联。参与者包括4020名在职公共安全人员。数据采用交叉表和逻辑回归进行分析。大多数公共安全人员报告能够获得专业和非专业支持；然而，大多数人首先会求助于配偶（74%），许多人永远不会或仅在万不得已时才会求助于专业支持（43 - 60%）或公共安全人员领导（67%）。参与任何心理健康培训类别与某些但并非所有精神障碍的较低发病率（<0.01）相关，各培训类别之间没有显著差异。培训项目的修订可能会提高求助于专业支持的意愿；在此期间，对公共安全人员配偶和领导的培训与支持也可能有益。
