Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Faculty Scholar, USA.
Hear Res. 2019 May;376:97-110. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.02.002. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
Statistical learning has been proposed as a possible mechanism by which individuals can become sensitive to the structures of language fundamental for speech perception. Since its description in human infants, statistical learning has been described in human adults and several non-human species as a general process by which animals learn about stimulus-relevant statistics. The neurobiology of statistical learning is beginning to be understood, but many questions remain about the underlying mechanisms. Why is the developing brain particularly sensitive to stimulus and environmental statistics, and what neural processes are engaged in the adult brain to enable learning from statistical regularities in the absence of external reward or instruction? This review will survey the statistical learning abilities of humans and non-human animals with a particular focus on communicative vocalizations. We discuss the neurobiological basis of statistical learning, and specifically what can be learned by exploring this process in both humans and laboratory animals. Finally, we describe advantages of studying vocal communication in rodents as a means to further our understanding of the cortical plasticity mechanisms engaged during statistical learning. We examine the use of rodents in the context of pup retrieval, which is an auditory-based and experience-dependent form of maternal behavior.
统计学习被认为是个体对言语感知至关重要的语言结构变得敏感的一种可能机制。自从在人类婴儿中描述以来，统计学习已经在人类成人和几种非人类物种中被描述为一种一般过程，通过该过程动物学习关于刺激相关的统计信息。统计学习的神经生物学开始被理解，但关于潜在机制仍有许多问题。为什么发育中的大脑对刺激和环境统计数据特别敏感，以及在没有外部奖励或指导的情况下，成人的大脑中参与了哪些神经过程来从统计规律中学习？本综述将调查人类和非人类动物的统计学习能力，特别关注交际发声。我们讨论了统计学习的神经生物学基础，特别是通过在人类和实验室动物中探索这一过程可以学到什么。最后，我们描述了在统计学习过程中研究啮齿动物发声交流的优势，以此来进一步了解参与的皮质可塑性机制。我们检查了在幼崽检索背景下使用啮齿动物的情况，幼崽检索是一种基于听觉和经验依赖性的母体行为形式。
