Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401.
J Dairy Sci. 2019 Apr;102(4):3439-3451. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15783. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pegbovigrastim (PEG) treatment of peripartum Holstein cows on the microbiome found in the vagina postpartum using sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. A subset of cows was randomly sampled from a larger study where cows had been randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: pegbovigrastim (PEG) or untreated control (CTR). The PEG-treated cows received a subcutaneous injection containing 15 mg of pegbovigrastim 7 d before expected calving and a second injection within 24 h of calving. Vaginal samples from 97 PEG-treated and 98 CTR cows were collected at calving, 7 ± 3, and 35 ± 3 d in milk (0, 7, and 35 DIM). Metritis was diagnosed at 7 ± 3 DIM and purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) at 35 ± 3 DIM. The PEG treatment did not alter the vaginal microbiome. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that metritic cows had a dissimilar vaginal microbiome compared with cows that did not develop metritis, particularly at 7 but also at 35 DIM. This difference was characterized by higher relative abundance of Porphyromonas and Bacteroides and a lower relative abundance of Ureaplasma, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiales at 7 DIM, and a higher relative abundance of Ureaplasma and a lower relative abundance of Pasteurellaceae at 35 DIM. Based on PCoA, we observed that cows that developed PVD had a dissimilar vaginal microbiome compared with cows that did not develop PVD, particularly at 35 DIM but also at 7 DIM. This difference was characterized by a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides at 7 DIM and higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides at 35 DIM. Cows that developed metritis and PVD also had higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides at 0 DIM. Furthermore, the Chao1 and Shannon indices were decreased in metritic cows at 7 DIM and in PVD cows at 7 and 35 DIM. In summary, PEG treatment had no effect on the vaginal microbiome, and uterine disease was associated with major changes in the microbiome found in the vagina postpartum.
本研究旨在评估围产期荷斯坦奶牛使用 PEG 处理对产后阴道微生物组的影响，方法是对 16S rRNA 基因进行测序。从一项更大的研究中随机抽取了一部分奶牛，这些奶牛被随机分配到 2 种治疗组之一：PEG 或未处理对照组（CTR）。PEG 处理的奶牛在预计分娩前 7 天接受了含有 15 毫克 PEG 的皮下注射，并在分娩后 24 小时内接受了第二次注射。97 头 PEG 处理的奶牛和 98 头 CTR 奶牛在分娩时、产后 7±3 天和 35±3 天（0、7 和 35 DIM）收集阴道样本。在 7±3 DIM 时诊断为子宫内膜炎，在 35±3 DIM 时诊断为化脓性阴道分泌物（PVD）。PEG 处理并未改变阴道微生物组。主坐标分析（PCoA）显示，患有子宫内膜炎的奶牛与未患子宫内膜炎的奶牛相比，阴道微生物组存在差异，特别是在 7 天，但也在 35 天。这种差异的特征是在 7 天时，卟啉单胞菌和拟杆菌的相对丰度较高，而脲原体、真杆菌科和梭菌的相对丰度较低，而在 35 天时，脲原体的相对丰度较高，巴斯德氏菌科的相对丰度较低。基于 PCoA，我们观察到发生 PVD 的奶牛与未发生 PVD 的奶牛相比，阴道微生物组存在差异，特别是在 35 天，但也在 7 天。这种差异的特征是在 7 天时，拟杆菌的相对丰度较高，而在 35 天时，梭菌和拟杆菌的相对丰度较高。发生子宫内膜炎和 PVD 的奶牛在 0 天时也具有较高的梭菌和拟杆菌相对丰度。此外，在 7 天时患有子宫内膜炎的奶牛和在 7 天和 35 天时患有 PVD 的奶牛的 Chao1 和 Shannon 指数降低。总之，PEG 处理对阴道微生物组没有影响，而子宫疾病与产后阴道微生物组的主要变化有关。
