Yuan Xin, Zhou Wen-Wu, Jiang Yan-Dong, Yu Hang, Wu Sheng-Yong, Gao Yu-Lin, Cheng Jia-An, Zhu Zeng-Rong
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Agricultural Experimental Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Environ Entomol. 2019 Apr 3;48(2):318-325. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvz013.
Planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, and Laodelphax striatellus) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) are the most important pests affecting rice production. Pesticide spraying for its control may cause harmful effects on human health and the environment, especially the loss of biodiversity. The consequences of these changes on biodiversity and ecological services are well studied in tropical irrigated paddy fields, but are largely unknown in subtropical areas. Organic regime provides an environment-friendly method for biodiversity conservation; however, it is unclear whether this regime can suppress planthopper populations effectively in paddy fields. Consequently, we compared species richness, abundance, community structure, and evenness of natural enemies and planthoppers between organic and conventional rice fields (n = 35) distributed across four sites in China. The results showed that species richness was higher in organic fields than in conventional fields. Shannon index and evenness of predators and parasitoids were higher in most of the organic fields than their conventional counterparts. Furthermore, planthopper density showed a significant negative relationship with increased richness and evenness for both predators and parasitoids. These results underscore the notion that management regimes influence biodiversity in rice field. Most importantly, this has direct implications on the efficacy of natural pest control services rendered by predators and parasitoids associated with planthoppers in China and potentially other rice production regions in Asia.
稻飞虱（褐飞虱、白背飞虱和灰飞虱）（半翅目：飞虱科）是影响水稻生产的最重要害虫。喷洒农药防治稻飞虱可能会对人类健康和环境产生有害影响，尤其是导致生物多样性丧失。这些变化对热带灌溉稻田生物多样性和生态系统服务的影响已得到充分研究，但在亚热带地区却 largely unknown。有机种植方式为生物多样性保护提供了一种环境友好型方法；然而，尚不清楚这种种植方式能否在稻田中有效抑制稻飞虱种群数量。因此，我们比较了分布在中国四个地点的35块有机稻田和常规稻田中，天敌和稻飞虱的物种丰富度、丰度、群落结构及均匀度。结果表明，有机稻田的物种丰富度高于常规稻田。大多数有机稻田中捕食性和寄生性天敌的香农指数及均匀度高于常规稻田中的相应指数。此外，稻飞虱密度与捕食性和寄生性天敌的丰富度及均匀度增加呈显著负相关。这些结果强调了种植方式会影响稻田生物多样性这一观点。最重要的是，这对中国以及亚洲其他潜在水稻产区中与稻飞虱相关的捕食性和寄生性天敌提供的自然害虫控制服务的效果具有直接影响。
