Adverse Effects of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Administration.

BACKGROUND

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists consist of a class of drugs with pleiotropic beneficial effects in several cardiovascular diseases. However, physicians frequently overlook their use due to the adverse effects of such agents.

OBJECTIVES

To determine the adverse effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and to suggest clinically meaningful options. We present data on the two most administered agents of this class: spironolactone and eplerenone.

METHOD

We conducted an in-depth review of the existing international literature to draft a mini review about the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists-related side effects.

RESULT

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are associated with increased risk of hyperkalemia and acute deterioration of renal function. Of note, these adverse effects are dose-dependent, more common during the initial period of treatment, and are usually reversed after the withdrawal of therapy. Sex-related adverse events are noted mainly in spironolactone while switching to eplerenone could attenuate those.

CONCLUSION

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists therapy is significantly limited due to their side effects. The development of novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists could substantially widen the use of such agents.