Szulc-Dąbrowska Lidia, Gregorczyk-Zboroch Karolina P, Struzik Justyna, Wyżewski Zbigniew, Ostrowska Agnieszka, Toka Felix N, Gieryńska Małgorzata
Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Analytical Center, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Cent Eur J Immunol. 2018;43(4):363-370. doi: 10.5114/ceji.2018.81352. Epub 2018 Dec 31.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of ectromelia virus (ECTV) infection on actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Using scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy analysis we observed the presence of long actin-based cellular extensions, formed by both types of immune cells at later stages of infection with ECTV. Such extensions contained straight tubulin filaments and numerous punctuate mitochondria. Moreover, these long cellular projections extended to a certain length and formed convex structures termed "cytoplasmic packets". These structures contained numerous viral particles and presumably were sites of progeny virions' release via budding. Further, discrete mitochondria and separated tubulin filaments that formed a scaffold for accumulated mitochondria were visible within cytoplasmic packets. ECTV-induced long actin-based protrusions resemble "cytoplasmic corridors" and probably participate in virus dissemination. Our data demonstrate the incredible capacity for adaptation of ECTV to its natural host immune cells, in which it can survive, replicate and induce effective mechanisms for viral spread and dissemination.
本研究的目的是评估痘苗病毒（ECTV）感染对免疫细胞（如巨噬细胞和树突状细胞（DCs））中肌动蛋白细胞骨架重排的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜和荧光显微镜分析，我们观察到在ECTV感染后期，这两种免疫细胞均形成了基于肌动蛋白的长细胞突起。这些突起包含直的微管丝和大量点状线粒体。此外，这些长细胞突起延伸到一定长度并形成称为“细胞质包”的凸起结构。这些结构包含大量病毒颗粒，推测是子代病毒粒子通过出芽释放的部位。此外，在细胞质包内可见离散的线粒体和形成线粒体聚集支架的分离微管丝。ECTV诱导的基于肌动蛋白的长突起类似于“细胞质通道”，可能参与病毒传播。我们的数据证明了ECTV对其天然宿主免疫细胞的惊人适应能力，在这些细胞中它可以存活、复制并诱导有效的病毒传播机制。
