Arenas-Padilla Marina, Mata-Haro Veronica
Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Hermosillo, Mexico.
Cent Eur J Immunol. 2018;43(4):482-489. doi: 10.5114/ceji.2018.81351. Epub 2018 Dec 31.
The control of the immune response during the development of some diseases is crucial for the maintenance or restoration of homeostasis. Several mechanisms can initiate inflammation, one of which is the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), necessary to initiate the immune response to eliminate an infection. However, inappropriate activation can compromise immunological homeostasis, leading to pathologies such as autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and even cancer. Regulatory mechanisms that intervene in the initiation or modulation of inflammation include microRNAs (miRNAs), which have emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators of proteins involved in distinct cellular processes, such as regulation of the immune response. The focus of this review is on the diverse roles of miRNAs in the regulation of TLR-signaling pathways by targeting multiple molecules, including TLRs, the signaling proteins and cytokines induced by TLRs. It will also address the relationships of these molecules with some diseases that involve inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), cancer, as well as bacterial or viral infections.
在某些疾病发展过程中，免疫反应的调控对于维持或恢复体内平衡至关重要。多种机制可引发炎症，其中之一是 toll 样受体（TLR）的激活，这是启动免疫反应以消除感染所必需的。然而，不适当的激活会损害免疫稳态，导致诸如自身免疫性疾病、慢性炎症甚至癌症等病理状况。干预炎症起始或调节的调控机制包括微小 RNA（miRNA），它们已成为参与不同细胞过程（如免疫反应调节）的蛋白质的关键转录后调节因子。本综述的重点是 miRNA 通过靶向多种分子（包括 TLR、由 TLR 诱导的信号蛋白和细胞因子）在 TLR 信号通路调节中的多样作用。它还将探讨这些分子与一些涉及炎症的疾病（如类风湿性关节炎（RA）、系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）、癌症以及细菌或病毒感染）之间的关系。
