Christopher Lauren, Madimenos Felicia C, Bribiescas Richard G, Urlacher Samuel S, Snodgrass James J, Sugiyama Lawrence S, Pontzer Herman
Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Department of Anthropology, Queens College (CUNY), Flushing, New York.
Am J Hum Biol. 2019 Mar;31(2):e23223. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23223. Epub 2019 Feb 23.
We measured total energy expenditure (TEE; kcal/d) and water throughput (L/d) among Shuar forager-horticulturalists from Amazonian Ecuador to compare their daily energy and water demands to adults in other small-scale and industrialized populations.
TEE and water throughput were measured using the doubly labeled water method among 15 Shuar adults (eight women, seven men; age range 18-60 years) living in a relatively remote village. We used multiple regression to assess the effects of anthropometric variables (body size, fat free mass, age, and sex) on TEE and water throughput. We also compared Shuar TEE and water throughput to those of other small-scale and industrialized societies.
TEE among Shuar adults (men: 4141 ± 645 kcal/d, women: 2536 ± 281 kcal/d) was most strongly correlated with fat free mass. Estimated physical activity levels (PAL) calculated as (TEE/estimated BMR), were greater for men (2.34 ± 0.29) than women (1.83 ± 0.14, P < 0.001). Water throughput was also greater among Shuar men (9.37 ± 2.34 L/d) than women (4.76 ± 0.36 L/d, P < 0.001). Shuar TEE and water throughput were elevated compared to adults in industrialized populations.
TEE and PAL of Shuar men are among the highest recorded during normal daily life, and likely reflect both high levels of physical activity and cultural dietary practices. Drinking large amounts of chicha, a traditional carbohydrate-rich drink made from manioc, likely contributes to the high levels of water throughput among Shuar men, and may contribute to elevated TEE.
我们测量了来自厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区的舒阿尔族觅食-园艺者的总能量消耗（TEE；千卡/天）和水通量（升/天），以将他们的每日能量和水需求与其他小规模和工业化人群中的成年人进行比较。
采用双标水法对居住在一个相对偏远村庄的15名舒阿尔族成年人（8名女性，7名男性；年龄范围18 - 60岁）进行TEE和水通量测量。我们使用多元回归来评估人体测量变量（体型、去脂体重、年龄和性别）对TEE和水通量的影响。我们还将舒阿尔族的TEE和水通量与其他小规模和工业化社会的进行了比较。
舒阿尔族成年人的TEE（男性：4141±645千卡/天，女性：2536±281千卡/天）与去脂体重的相关性最强。以（TEE/估计基础代谢率）计算的估计身体活动水平（PAL），男性（2.34±0.29）高于女性（1.83±0.14，P<0.001）。舒阿尔族男性的水通量（9.37±2.34升/天）也高于女性（4.76±0.36升/天，P<0.001）。与工业化人群中的成年人相比，舒阿尔族的TEE和水通量有所升高。
舒阿尔族男性的TEE和PAL处于正常日常生活中记录到的最高水平之一，可能反映了高水平的身体活动和文化饮食习俗。饮用大量奇恰（一种由木薯制成的传统富含碳水化合物的饮料）可能是舒阿尔族男性水通量高的原因，也可能导致TEE升高。
