Local interaction rules and collective motion in black neon tetra (Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi) and zebrafish (Danio rerio).

We explored the local motion rules used by interacting individuals in small groups of black neon tetra (Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) to ascertain if and how these rules underlie the fishes' global collective coordinated motion. As these 2 species show very different styles of collective motion in terms of cohesion and polarization, we expected to find differences in their individual behavioral rules. We recorded groups of 2, 3, 4, and 8 fish of each species; tracked their individual trajectories; and studied how their individual turning angles and accelerations varied as a function of heading differences, distances, and relative angles to their neighbors. We found that black neon tetra and zebrafish differed in terms of their preferential positions with respect to their neighbors, the magnitude of turning angles and accelerations, and the way these angles and accelerations are modulated by both the distance from neighbors (thus suggesting a "repulsion" zone in black neon tetra but not in zebrafish) and the heading difference and relative angle to neighbors. Our results enable us to infer that, in black neon tetra, avoiding excessive proximity and collision takes priority over cohesion, and cohesion takes priority over polarization. This provides evidence that rules are similar in species of very different genera and that differences are a matter of degree. Our results also provide substantial empirical evidence to support the theoretical assumptions made in agent-based models that simulate coordinated collective motion in many different animal species. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).