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血小板中免疫受体的分子机制。

Molecular mechanisms of immunoreceptors in platelets.

机构信息

Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia.

Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia.

出版信息

Thromb Res. 2019 Apr;176:108-114. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.01.019. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Abstract

The main role of platelets is to control haemostasis when there is a blood vessel injury in order to minimise blood loss at the injury site. Under normal circumstances, platelets flow freely within blood vessels as the endothelial cells provide a non-adhesion surface. Naturally, bioactive mediators are released from endothelial cells to prevent and control platelet activation. However, when the vascular endothelium is ruptured, the local concentration of nitric oxide and prostaglandin is diminished and receptors containing a sequence of amino acids known as, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs), serve as natural inhibitors within platelets. The main role of ITIMs is to decrease immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signalling in platelets; however, some studies have revealed their novel role in integrin αIIbβ3 activation. This review highlights the main structural and functional features of immunoreceptors in platelets.

摘要

血小板的主要作用是在血管损伤时控制止血,以减少损伤部位的出血。在正常情况下,血小板在血管内自由流动,因为内皮细胞提供非粘附表面。自然地,生物活性介质从内皮细胞释放出来,以防止和控制血小板的激活。然而,当血管内皮破裂时,局部的一氧化氮和前列腺素浓度降低,并且含有称为免疫受体酪氨酸基抑制基序 (ITIM) 的氨基酸序列的受体作为血小板内的天然抑制剂。ITIM 的主要作用是减少血小板中免疫受体酪氨酸基激活基序 (ITAM) 的信号转导;然而,一些研究揭示了它们在整合素 αIIbβ3 激活中的新作用。这篇综述强调了血小板中免疫受体的主要结构和功能特征。

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